[26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. In 1836, when Boer Voortrekkers (pioneers) arrived in the northwestern part of present-day South Africa, they came into conflict with a Ndebele sub-group that the settlers named "Matabele", under chief Mzilikazi. "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson. Finding and extracting the deposits far below the ground called for the capital and engineering skills that would soon result in the deep-level mines of the Witwatersrand producing a quarter of the world's gold, with the "instant city" of Johannesburg arising astride the main Witwatersrand gold reef. 28. Tau m Southern African, Tswana, Sotho. [214] ANC icon Nelson Mandela, asserted in a statement released on 25 January 1990: "The nationalisation of the mines, banks and monopoly industries is the policy of the ANC, and a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable. Madia South African. Dingaan also attempted to establish relations with the British traders on the Natal coast, but events had started to unfold that would see the demise of Zulu independence. Nearly 9,000 were killed in action. Just as he had done in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international body to preserve peace; he was determined that, unlike the League of Nations, the UN would have teeth. [179] The Cuban intervention was decisive in helping reverse SADF and UNITA advances and cement MPLA rule in Angola. [169] This position was rejected by many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. The prehistory and history of South Africa span nearly the entire known existence of human beings and their ancestorssome three million years or moreand include the wandering of small bands of hominins through the savanna, the inception of herding and farming as ways of life, and the construction of large urban centres. The Cape Colony was unusual in southern Africa in that its laws prohibited any discrimination on the basis of race and, unlike the Boer republics, elections were held according to the non-racial Cape Qualified Franchise system, whereby suffrage qualifications applied universally, regardless of race. Introduction: South Africa has a unique history of apartheid that has had significant implications on economic and social policies. [70], In 1825, a faction of the Griqua people was induced by Dr John Philip, superintendent of the London Missionary Society in Southern Africa, to relocate to a place called Philippolis, a mission station for the San, several hundred miles southeast of Griqualand. [230][231][232] Notable corruption related scandals during this period included incidents of widespread state capture[233] often involving allegations against the Gupta family. Infographic: Top African Surnames Rich In History And Culture Most Popular African Last Names Or Surnames 1. Information department, Government of Lesotho. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. [41] Another theory attributes the epicentre of Zulu violence to the slave trade out of Delgoa Bay in Mozambique situated to the north of Zululand. [251] As of 18 July, over 3,400 people had been arrested, while as of 22 July, 337 people had died in connection with the unrest.[252]. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. Surnames of South African origin (5 C, 5 P) Surnames of Swaziland origin (1 P) Surnames of Tunisian origin (10 P) Surnames of West African origin (5 C, 3 P) Swahili-language surnames (4 P) T Surnames of Tanzania (1 P) Y Yoruba-language surnames (103 P) Z Zambian surnames (33 P) Zimbabwean surnames (12 P) Abundant, cheap African labour was central to the success of Kimberley diamond mining, as it would later also be to the success of gold mining on the Witwatersrand. The police and military who controlled the JMCs by the mid-1980s were endowed with influence in decision-making at every level, from the Cabinet down to local government. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the UK, to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated. A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. It was brought to South Africa in 1678 by Frederich Botha. [112], The working environment of the mines, meanwhile, as one historian has described it, was "dangerous, brutal and onerous", and therefore unpopular among local black Africans. Search US census records for South African, View all South African immigration records, Do not sell or share my personal information. The government declared martial law on 14 October 1914, and forces loyal to the government under the command of generals Louis Botha and Jan Smuts defeated the rebellion. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. An academic study conducted in 2006, found that South Africans showed levels of xenophobia greater than anywhere else in the world. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. [210] Both sides were forced to the negotiating table, with the result that in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. In 1896, the German Kaiser Kaiser Wilhelm had enraged Britain by sending congratulations to Boer republican leader Paul Kruger after Kruger's commandos captured a column of British South Africa Company soldiers engaged in an armed incursion and abortive insurrection, known historically as the Jameson Raid, into Boer territory. Hamilton, Carolyn and Bernard K. Mbenga, eds. [135], Black and mixed-race South Africans who had supported the war were embittered when post-war South Africa saw no easing of white domination and racial segregation.[136]. The republic regained its independence as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ("South African Republic"), or ZAR. [127], Dissatisfaction with British influence in the Union's affairs reached a climax in September 1914, when impoverished Boers, anti-British Boers and bitter-enders launched a rebellion. These refugees and asylum seekers originated mainly from Zimbabwe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. As societies became more complex or were colonised by more complex societies these distinguishing names became fixed and were passed on to the next generation. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. Mani is the reduced form of the South Indian surname Subramanian. Later, English and Dutch seafarers in the late 16th and 17th centuries exchanged metals for cattle and sheep with the Khoikhoi. The trek of the Griquas to escape the influence of the Cape Colony has been described as "one of the great epics of the 19th century. Meaning: 'Child that keeps coming or reincarnation.' 5. Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. Sizwe m Southern African, Xhosa. The Coloured element was generally supportive and many served in a Coloured Corps in East Africa and France, also hoping to better themselves after the war.[131]. South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. [244], Civil unrest occurred in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng provinces in July 2021, sparked by the imprisonment of former President Jacob Zuma for contempt of court, after he declined to testify at the Zondo Commission, an inquiry into allegations of corruption during his term as president from 2009 to 2018. Prinsloo is an Afrikaans surname. Civilians were killed or injured in many of these robberies. [192][193], South Africa in the 1980s also provided logistical and other covert support to Resistncia Nacional Moambicana (RENAMO) rebels, in neighbouring Mozambique fighting the FRELIMO-run government during the Mozambique Civil War, and it launched cross-border raids into Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana, killing or capturing a number of South African exiles. 'The quantitative Cape: A review of the new historiography of the Dutch Cape Colony', South African Historical Journal 66.1, 2014, pp. Truth Commission Special Report: APLA attacks. Mokopane and his followers, anticipating retaliation by the settlers, retreated into the mountain caves known as Gwasa, (or Makapansgat in Afrikaans). As European settlers started establishing permanent farms after trekking across the country in search of prime agricultural land, they encountered resistance from the local Bantu people who had originally migrated southwards from central Africa hundreds of years earlier. [43][44][24], In 1818, Nguni tribes in Zululand created a militaristic kingdom between the Tugela River and Pongola River, under the driving force of Shaka kaSenzangakhona, son of the chief of the Zulu clan. On 28 May 1941, Smuts was appointed a Field Marshal of the British Army, becoming the first South African to hold that rank. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. This facilitated purchases of munitions and food in the United States and neutral countries. Owners who had purchased slaves on credit or put them up as surety against loans faced financial ruin. In late October, Boer commandos supported by local Kgatla tribal collaborators laid siege to the caves. Anthony Egan, Review of "The Hidden Thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era" by Irina Filatova & Apollon Davidson, Phyllis Johnson & David Martin, Apartheid Terrorism: The destabilisation report, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989, p.122, UN General Assembly, res n 2154 (XXI), 17 November 1966. Mannan: Mannan is a Hindu surname meaning 'king' in Tamil. Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. [161] Apartheid South Africa reacted to the UN arms embargo by strengthening its military ties with Israel, and establishing its own arms manufacturing industry with the help of Israel. Religion was a very important aspect of the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch. This pages allows you to search first names - their meaning, popularity and distribution. 4. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. The Boers kept on fighting. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. Sorry, we couldn't find geographic distribution information for South African. After the suppression of the abortive, pro-German Maritz Rebellion during the South African World War I campaign against German South West Africa in 1914, the South African rebel General Manie Maritz escaped to Spain. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. Here is a list of popular South African last names. It has been described as one of the most important paleontological discoveries in modern times. [160] [180] The civil war in Angola resulted in 550,0001,250,000 deaths in total mostly from famine. It was an independent and internationally recognised nation-state in southern Africa from 1852 to 1902. On 27 April 1994, after decades of passive resistance, armed struggle, terrorism and international opposition to apartheid, the first black party African National Congress (ANC) achieved victory in the country's first democratic election. The assistance that South Africa gave the British Empire was significant. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. 469503. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. The Griqua community became subsequently dissimulated. On 10 May 1994 Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's new President in Pretoria with Thabo Mbeki and F. W. De Klerk as his vice-presidents. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. Both Prime Minister Louis Botha and Defence Minister Jan Smuts were former Second Boer War generals who had previously fought against the British, but they now became active and respected members of the Imperial War Cabinet. [219] By 2019 the number of skilled black South Africans emigrating out of the country had surpassed the number of white emigres. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. After the March 1960 massacre of 69 peaceful demonstrators at Sharpeville, and the subsequent declaration of a state of emergency, and the banning of anti-apartheid parties including the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), and the Communist Party of South Africa, the focus of national resistance turned to armed struggle and underground activity. The Land Act would form a cornerstone of legalised racial discrimination for the next nine decades. It developed into the largest kingdom in the sub-continent before it was abandoned because of climatic changes in the 14th century. Lwando Southern African. [168], The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) would later establish that a covert, informal network of former or still serving army and police operatives, frequently acting in conjunction with extreme right-wing elements, was involved in actions that could be construed as fomenting violence and which resulted in gross human rights violations, including random and targeted killings. 37. Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. Abara is a common last name in the Igbo community. [121] After considerable debate, and following submissions from advocacy groups, individuals and ordinary citizens, the Parliament enacted a new Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1996. "Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa,". Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. Aamina Aamina is a Somali name, meaning "feel safe." This spelling is an alternative transcription of the Arabic name Amenah. [107] The discovery of gold in February 1886 at a farm called Langlaagte on the Witwatersrand in particular precipitated a gold rush by prospectors and fortune seekers from all over the world. [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. Ahishakiye (Rwandan origin) meaning "whenever God wants". Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. The stat was also shown on television, which . The 1820s saw a time of immense upheaval relating to the military expansion of the Zulu Kingdom, which replaced the original African clan system with kingdoms. Southern Africa was later populated by Bantu-speaking people who migrated from the western region of central Africa during the early centuries AD. Rhodes and Rudd had earlier made fortunes from diamond mining at Kimberley. Until that point, President Paul Kruger's government had excluded all foreigners from the franchise. Meanwhile, the discovery of diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to a later return to instability, particularly because they fueled the rise to power of the ambitious colonialist Cecil Rhodes. The convention came into force on 18 July 1976. Initially, a period of strong economic growth and social development ensued. [245] Protests against the incarceration triggered wider rioting and looting, further exacerbated by job layoffs and economic woes worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. On 4 November 1977, the Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo in terms of Resolution 181 calling upon all States to cease the sale and shipment of arms, ammunition and military vehicles to South Africa. After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. [153] The AWB leader Eugne Terre'Blanche was murdered by farm workers on 3 April 2010. Most Popular African Last Names on FamilyEducation: Ba, Ballo, Dial, First Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of Yourself. Get in touch! There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. There are 1,000 military records available for the last name South African. Snyman Afrikaans Afrikaans version of the German surname Schneider, which is German for tailor. Nineteenth-Century Contests For Land In South Africa's Caledon Valley And The Invention Of The Mfecane", "First Indian workers arrive in South Africa | South African History Online", "Crossing the Kala Pani: cause for "Celebration" or "Commemoration" 150 years on? Means "gratitude" in Sotho. Abara: Originating from the Igbo group of West Africa, Abara means 'spirit'. This Second AngloBoer War, also known as the South African War lasted longer than the first, with British troops being supplemented by colonial troops from Southern Rhodesia, Canada, India, Australia and New Zealand. [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. [145], The early-1940s saw the pro-Nazi Ossewa Brandwag (OB) movement become half-a-million strong, including future prime minister John Vorster and Hendrik van den Bergh, the future head of police intelligence. While some maintained separateness, others were grouped into a category known as Coloureds, a multiracial ethnic group which includes people with shared ancestry from two or more of these groups: Khoisan, Bantu, English, Afrikaners, Austronesians, East Asians and South Asians. The majority of burghers had Dutch ancestry and belonged to the Dutch Reformed Church, but there were also some Germans, who often happened to be Lutherans. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portuguese mariners, who were the first Europeans at the Cape, encountered pastoral Khoikhoi with livestock. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? Less than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. Starting from the mid-1800s, the Cape of Good Hope, which was then the largest state in southern Africa, began moving towards greater independence from Britain. [59] Annexation also precipitated a war between British colonial forces and the indigenous Xhosa nation in 1850, in the eastern coastal region.[60]. [175][176], In early-November 1975, immediately after Portugal granted independence to its former African colony of Angola, civil war broke out between the rival UNITA and MPLA movements. Luter South African. Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. The Zulu resulted in the mass movement of many tribes who in turn tried to dominate those in new territories, leading to widespread warfare and waves of displacement spread throughout southern Africa and beyond. The . [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. Rosenthal, Eric. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. [122], The AngloBoer War affected all ethnic groups in South Africa. British sovereignty of the area was recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Dutch accepting a payment of 6 million pounds for the colony. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. The monarchy came to an end on 31 May 1961, replaced by a republic as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming the Republic of South Africa. The progenitors of the extended clan are Willem Schalk van der Merwe (born in "Broeck", probably [[Broek= Babyloninbroek], province Noord-Brabant May 1634,in Babyloninbroek (Broek) and . After the country's first multiracial democratic elections in 1994, a number of terrorist bomb blasts were linked to the AWB. White people, who constituted 20 percent of the population, held 90 percent of the land. English and Dutch became the two official languages in 1925.[129][130]. [155], From 1948, successive National Party administrations formalised and extended the existing system of racial discrimination and denial of human rights into the legal system of apartheid,[156] which lasted until 1991. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. Freeman can also be an African American or Jewish name. (2014). By 1869, diamonds were found at some distance from any stream or river, in hard rock called blue ground, later called kimberlite, after the mining town of Kimberley where the diamond diggings were concentrated. Discover the meaning of the South African name on Ancestry. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. However, an ill-informed British attempt to force the states of southern Africa into a British federation led to inter-ethnic tensions and the First Boer War. [141] On 21 June 1942 nearly 10,000 South African soldiers, representing one-third of the entire South African force in the field, were taken prisoner by German Field Marshal Rommel's forces in the fall of Tobruk, Libya. It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your South African ancestors, such as occupation. [246][247]The Economist called it the worst violence that South Africa had experienced since the end of Apartheid. In 1818 differences between two Xhosa leaders, Ndlambe and Ngqika, ended in Ngqika's defeat, but the British continued to recognise Ngqika as the paramount chief. This caused further dissatisfaction among the Dutch settlers. This was the 499th most popular girl name in the U.K. in 2005, with 70 newborns being named Aamina. [52], The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or ZAR, not to be confused with the much later Republic of South Africa), is often referred to as The Transvaal and sometimes as the Republic of Transvaal. [228] The slow pace of transformation also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.[229]. Today middle names are common among people with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background. The oldest is Little Foot, a collection of footbones of an unknown hominid between 2.2 and 3.3 million years old, discovered at Sterkfontein by Ronald J. Clarke. Racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid, an Afrikaans word meaning "separateness", was implemented in 1948. [240][241], The post-apartheid period has been marked by numerous outbreaks of xenophobic attacks against foreign migrants and asylum seekers from various conflict zones in Africa. "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for South African, Browse profiles of historical people with the South African last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). 3. [74], Although no formally surveyed boundaries existed, Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer claimed the diamond fields were situated on land belonging to the Griquas. It is among the most common African last names. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. It has, however, been verified that 17,182 black people died mainly of diseases in the Cape concentration camps alone, but this figure is not accepted historically as a true reflection of the overall numbers. [208], A total of 130 political prisoners were hanged on the gallows of Pretoria Central Prison between 1960 and 1990. The descendants of unions between the Dutch settlers and the Khoi-San and Malay slaves became known officially as the Cape Coloureds and the Cape Malays, respectively. The president is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election. The flag of Republic of South Africa was adopted on 26 April 1994. Abeba [40] Among the initial reasons for their leaving the Cape colony were the English language rule. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. [125], Among other harsh segregationist laws, including denial of voting rights to black people, the Union parliament enacted the 1913 Natives' Land Act, which earmarked only eight percent of South Africa's available land for black occupancy. The convention declared that apartheid was both unlawful and criminal because it violated the Charter of the United Nations. The language law caused friction, distrust and dissatisfaction. Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African Genocide: A History. At the outbreak of World War I, South Africa joined Great Britain and the Allies against the German Empire. Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. Since 2007 South Africa has experienced an ongoing energy crisis that has negatively impacted the country's economy,[237] its ability to create jobs,[237] and reduce poverty. Many of the Natalia Boers who refused to acknowledge British rule trekked over the Drakensberg mountains to settle in the Orange Free State and Transvaal republics.[58]. 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