In twin pregnancies, what are the recommendations following the death of one fetus? Hemorrhage is rarely massive. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. The number of CD56 cells, which is low in the proliferative-phase endometrium, increases in the midluteal phase, and peaks in the late secretory phase, suggesting that recruitment of LGLs is under hormonal control. Occupational exposure to trace concentrations of waste anesthetic gases. Some. May help prevent or treat gestational diabetes. Occup Environ Med. Aspirin and heparin therapy may be administered for proven diagnoses of thrombophilic disorders. Because the association between APLA and recurrent miscarriage is now firmly established, interest has been garnered in the possible role of other hemostatic defects in pregnancy loss. The concept of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) has been recently introduced. Proper storage of Sab: Store Sab at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). However, other placebo-controlled trials failed to demonstrate a difference in the treatment group with respect to reproductive outcomes. Late spontaneous abortion may begin with a gush of fluid when the membranes rupture. No clinical reports in human have been published on the use of ciprofloxacin. Lift your right hip up to engage your obliques (the sides of your core). Featured Articles Foods and Drinks Protect yourself and your baby by knowing what and what not to consume. Factor V is a coagulation factor that is normally cleaved and inactivated by activated protein C (APC). Notably, the presence of the antibodies alone in the absence of other clinical symptoms does not define the syndrome. 1. Defective trophoblast invasion of the spiral arteries has been found when placental-bed biopsies are performed on women after a miscarriage and on those patients with preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. In 1 study, 21% of women with a history of elevated homocysteine levels had recurrent pregnancy loss. Screening for thyroid disease is not useful unless the patient is symptomatic. 1982 Jun. 1992 Apr. Unlike ANA, antithyroid antibodies are known as independent markers for an increased risk of miscarriage. [6] The authors theorized the possibility that biopsy of a blastomere on day 3 hampers the potential of an embryo to successfully implant. A randomized trial of 408 women of advanced maternal age undergoing a total of 836 cycles concluded that the ongoing pregnancy rate, as well as live birth rate, were significantly lower in the women assigned to the PGS group compared with those without PGS. Screening for occult diabetes in asymptomatic women is not necessary unless the patient presents with an elevated random glucose level or exhibits other clinical signs of diabetes mellitus or if there is an unexplained loss in the second trimester. Typically, sex isn't recommended for two weeks after a miscarriage to prevent an infection. 2020 Mar. However, data from uncontrolled retrospective reviews have suggested that resection of the uterine septum increases delivery rates (70-85% in 1 study). A multicenter, placebo-controlled pilot study of intravenous immune globulin treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome during pregnancy. 264(11):1422-5. Autosomal trisomy results from maternal meiosis I errors (either complete trisomies or monosomies). If a parental chromosome abnormality is found, this should be the starting point for familial testing, and proper family counseling is recommended. Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug ReferenceDisclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. Incidence of early loss of pregnancy. Diagnose or treat abnormal uterine bleeding. Further studies are needed to prove or disprove ANA as a causal agent in recurrent miscarriages, and measuring ANAs is not recommended as part of an evaluation of recurrent miscarriage. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. If products of conception remain in the uterus after spontaneous abortion, uterine bleeding may occur, sometimes after a delay of hours to days. Weight and BP SAB Pregnancy Abbreviation What is SAB meaning in Pregnancy? 1998 Jul. The transformation of endometrium to decidua affects all cell types present in the uterine mucosa. Prenatal genetic diagnosis following recurrent early pregnancy loss. Carl V Smith, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Council of University Chairs of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nebraska Medical AssociationDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Overall, most studies report increased pregnancy survival in women undergoing treatment for APS. For related information, see the following Medscape Reference articles. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Usually ultrasonography and quantitative beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG). [1] Early pregnancy loss refers only to spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. [14] has been reported as such an alloimmune response. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. As the purine's content in the beans can increase levels of uric acid and can hasten a gout attack it is better to consult your doctor before consuming beans during pregnancy. Facebook. Progesterone is the principal factor responsible for the differentiation of proliferative endometrium to secretory, rendering the endometrium receptive to embryo implantation. Reported disadvantages of PGD include misdiagnosis of chromosomal normality, possible lowering of implantation rates with embryonic biopsy, and poor suitability of tested embryos for cryopreservation. Environmental causes of human malformation account for approximately 10% of malformations, and fewer than 1% of all human malformations are related to exposures to prescription drugs, chemicals, or radiation. They are suggested but not scientifically proven potential causes. In addition, the serologic criteria for APLA, the clinical definitions of APS, and the dosing regimens for treatments vary greatly among studies. Spontaneous abortion is pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation; it probably occurs in up to 20% of pregnancies. Can Heavy Metal Exposure Harm Reproductive Health? [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Accurate diagnosis of mullerian anomalies is essential. It can also be made in a lab. The ophthalmic sympathomimetic phenylephrine should be avoided unless dilation with tropicamide only is inadequate and a dilated retinal examination is necessary for the treatment or evaluation of a current ocular condition.5-7 Promotes muscle tone, strength, and endurance. The effects of PAI-1 and PAI-2 are localized to the invasive trophoblast, which is seemingly regulated to some extent by the balance between plasminogen activators and inactivators. After that, apply a moisturizer that fits your skin type. Spontaneous abortion is often caused by chromosomal abnormalities or maternal reproductive tract abnormalities (eg, bicornuate uterus, fibroids), but etiology in an individual case is usually not confirmed. Boivin JF. Anatomic uterine defects are known to cause obstetric complications, including recurrent pregnancy loss, preterm labor and delivery, and malpresentation, although many women with such defects may have uncomplicated pregnancies. Fertil Steril. It also stimulates leukotrienes, which, in turn, stimulate production of IL-3, an essential factor for implantation and placental growth. Exercise regularly Regular physical activity helps prevent excessive weight gain (which ups the odds of problems like pre-eclampsia) and keeps mom's blood . Some causes can be treated. Once you have that, you can deduct it from your total weight to get your true weight. With any vaginal bleeding in pregnancy, suggest pelvic rest for 2 weeks. In patients in whom the corpus luteum is removed before 7 weeks, miscarriage results. Ovulation, implantation, and the early stages of pregnancy depend on an intact maternal endocrine regulatory system. Krabbendam I, Franx A, Bots ML, Fijnheer R, Bruinse HW. Repeat on the opposite side. Spontaneous abortion is pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation; it probably occurs in up to 20% of pregnancies. However, this thrombogenicity is not balanced by an increase in naturally occurring anticoagulants (ie, antithrombin III, proteins C and S). ASSESSMENT: Primary Diagnosis: Intrauterine Pregnancy (IUP) at 7weeks Intrauterine Pregnancy indicates that there is a first trimester sized baby in the uterus. Abortions may be classified as follows (see table Classification of Abortion Classification of Abortion ): Spontaneous or induced Induced Abortion In the US, about half of pregnancies are unintended. Twitter. Copyright 2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. abortions and in patients who are already experiencing vaginal bleeding and cramping at SAB diagnosis. Structural chromosomal abnormalities occur in approximately 3% of cytogenetically abnormal abortuses. Hum Reprod. Several groups have estimated that the risk of pregnancy loss after 3 successive abortions is 30-45%, which is comparable to the risk in those who had 2 SABs. Munne S, Fischer J, Warner A, Chen S, Zouves C, Cohen J. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis significantly reduces pregnancy loss in infertile couples: a multicenter study. Also, I don't regret anything. Patients with successfully treated pregnancies had fewer previous fetal deaths than those with unsuccessfully treated pregnancies. Magnus MC, Wilcox AJ, Morken NH, et al: Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: Prospective register based study. Us dhin mujhe Bahut maza aya. Levels of protein C and fibrinopeptide A seem to decrease just before a miscarriage occurs, suggesting activation of the coagulation cascade. Caffeine. This therapy (ie, low-dose aspirin plus subcutaneous heparin) was found to be equally effective and less toxic than prednisone (40 mg/d) plus aspirin. Structural chromosomal problems found in men often lead to low sperm concentrations, male infertility, and, therefore, a reduced likelihood of pregnancy and miscarriage. HLA sharing is a condition in which the normal process that allows for the creation of maternal blocking antibodies in pregnancy is decreased. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. The relationship between exposure to trace concentrations of waste anesthetic gases in the operating room and the possible development of adverse health effects has been a concern for many years. LPD was believed to be the cause in 17% of these recurrent miscarriages. 1954. Miscarriage may occur when the maternal immune response to antigens of placental or fetal tissues is abnormal. In 1990, Drugan et al examined 305 women with 2 or more miscarriages and found an increased risk for fetal aneuploidy in these couples with chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. BMJ 364:l869, 2019. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l869. Heparin does not cross the placenta; therefore, no risk to the fetus is present. Obstet Gynecol 132(5):e197e207, 2018. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is by far the most common disease associated with APS. It may arise de novo because of meiotic nondisjunction during gametogenesis in parents with a normal karyotype. As expected, IL-2 has not been found in vivo at uterine implantation sites; otherwise, stimulation of decidual NK cells would cause widespread destruction of the trophoblast. Maternal caffeine consumption and spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like prenatal (antenatal), intrapartum, perinatal and more. In a classic study by Wilcox et al in 1988, 221 women were followed up during 707 total menstrual cycles. One such disease is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), also known as lupus anticoagulant syndrome and Hugh syndrome. Spontaneous abortion (SAB), or miscarriage, is the term used for a pregnancy that ends on it's own, within the first 20 weeks of gestation. Obstet Gynecol. JAMA. Abnormal gestations are associated with production of certain factors (eg, cytokines) that may convert a thromboresistant endothelium to one that is more thrombogenic. Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine used to prevent and treat nausea, vomiting, and dizziness caused by motion sickness .Do not use this medication in children younger than two years unless. Early spontaneous abortion is often caused by chromosomal abnormalities Overview of Chromosomal Anomalies Chromosomal anomalies cause various disorders. APLAs are found in fewer than 2% of apparently healthy pregnant women, in fewer than 20% of apparently healthy women with recurrent fetal loss, and in more than 33% of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Stop taking propolis two weeks before surgery. No unusual symptoms are usually present at the time of implantation of an ectopic pregnancy. Nursing Assessment. Avoid ibuprofen; take Tylenol for pain. 1990 Sep 19. In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic screening. Low molecular weight heparin (ie, Lovenox) has not been studied in pregnancy loss, but has been found to be as effective as heparin in other applications. You are being redirected to Due to the ethical challenges associated with performing clinical trials on women who are pregnant, there is not a lot of research into how safe or unsafe common procedures are for a mom-to-be and/or the fetus. Determining the cause may require extensive evaluation of both parents. Inevitable abortion: The cervix is dilated. The etiology of early pregnancy loss is varied and often controversial. Pregnant ladies must avoid the use of sharp objects like knives and scissors as it can cause birth defects and other complications in pregnancy. Thromboxane production by the placenta can lead to thrombosis at the uteroplacental interface, which may help to explain the action of low-dose aspirin therapy during pregnancies in women with APLA. A meta-analysis from 1997 pooled data from 19 reports and concluded that in the prescavenging era, the relative risk of spontaneous abortion from exposure to anesthetic gas was 1.9. Thus, luteal phase deficiency was most likely the result of an abnormal response of the endometrium to progesterone rather than a subnormal production of progesterone by the corpus luteum. 2007 Dec. 88(6):1497-504. Learn more about the Merck Manuals and our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. Aspirin and heparin therapy may be given to patients who are diagnosed with APS. A pregnant nurse should follow standard precautions with all patients, and may also wish to wear a surgical mask around patients with a fever or suspected respiratory illness. Some causes can be treated. Early pregnancy loss is defined as the termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks' gestation or with a fetal weight of below 500 g.According to the definition set forth by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, recurrent pregnancy loss is a disease distinct from infertility and is defined by the spontaneous loss of two or more pregnancies. PGS and FISH can be used to accurately detect common aneuploidies accounting for 70% of aneuploidic first trimester losses (chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, X, and Y), but these methods are criticized for their inability to detect all chromosomal abnormalities. Causes of recurrent pregnancy read more , testing to determine the cause of abortion is necessary. Most studies demonstrate a spontaneous miscarriage rate of 10-15%. November 25, 2015; Accessed: October 7, 2016. The offspring created from parental gametes with the abnormality may have normal or carrier karyotypes. Most spontaneous miscarriages are caused by an abnormal (aneuploid) karyotype of the embryo. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) have also been associated with recurrent pregnancy loss, even in patients without evidence of overt autoimmune disease. Complete abortion: The products of conception have passed and the cervix is closed (see table Characteristic Symptoms and Signs in Spontaneous Abortions Characteristic Symptoms and Signs in Spontaneous Abortions ). [Full Text]. The most common uterine defects include septate, unicornuate, bicornuate, and didelphic uteri. Carbon monoxide depletes both fetal and maternal oxygen supply, and lead is a known neurotoxin. 75(3 Pt 1):381-4. 21(5):275-86. 25:1-15. In 1994, Patrassi and colleagues found that 67% of patients, regardless of whether or not they were aCL positive, had a defect in their fibrinolytic pathway. Tetraploidy occurs in approximately 8% of chromosomally abnormal abortions, resulting from failure of an early cleavage division in an otherwise normal diploid zygote. victoria secret email sign up. Recurrent miscarriage may result from 2 types of chromosomal abnormalities: (1) the recurrence of a numerical abnormality (aneuploidy) in the embryo, which is usually not inherited or (2) a structural abnormality derived from 1 parent. In fact, protein S levels decrease by 40-50%, while antithrombin III and protein C levels remain constant. No defects were found in the control group, which consisted of 90 fertile women with no history of miscarriage. Fertil Steril. At 4wks from diagnosis, 90% of . Weng X, Odouli R, Li DK. * ASRM Practice Committee Report redefined recurrent pregnancy loss, as above, in January, 2008. Risk factors for spontaneous abortion include, Cigarette smoking Social and Illicit Drugs During Pregnancy, Use of certain drugs (eg, cocaine Social and Illicit Drugs During Pregnancy , alcohol) Social and Illicit Drugs During Pregnancy, A poorly controlled chronic disorder (eg, diabetes Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy Pregnancy aggravates preexisting type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes but does not appear to exacerbate diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, or neuropathy ( 1) read more , hypertension Hypertension in Pregnancy Recommendations regarding classification, diagnosis, and management of hypertensive disorders (including preeclampsia) are available from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists read more , overt thyroid disorders Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy Thyroid disorders may predate or develop during pregnancy. Thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss: a critical appraisal of the literature. A threatened abortion can present during early pregnancy with lower abdominal pain, and/or vaginal bleeding. Virat sir, let the result come in. [21, 22]. For medical evacuation, misoprostol (800 mcg intravaginally) is given; if there is no response to the first dose, one additional dose may be given at least 3 hours after first dose and typically within 7 days (1 Treatment reference Spontaneous abortion is pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation. About 40% of unintended pregnancies end in induced abortion; 90% of procedures are done during the 1st trimester. Because karyotype analysis does not help in detecting abnormalities caused by single gene mutations or mutations at several loci (small structural deletions and rearrangements), different techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), are being used to complement standard cytogenetics. Some examples that may not be detected by evaluating karyotypes are polygenic or multifactorial disorders. Numerous organisms have been implicated in sporadic causes of miscarriage, but common microbial causes of RPL have not been confirmed. Mastenbroek S, Twisk M, van Echten-Arends J, Sikkema-Raddatz B, Korevaar JC, Verhoeve HR. In 1995, Rai and colleagues evaluated 120 women with a history of recurrent miscarriages. However, women with APC resistance before pregnancy tend to have an even greater degree of resistance. An additional factor that accounts for many of the discrepancies in the literature is the frequent use of the patient's subsequent menses as a reference point for determining when she had ovulated, which assumes a normal 28-day cycle. Scientists Create 'Vagina on a Chip':What to Know, 5 Things: Tips for People with Partners Experiencing IVF. A woman's risk of having an aneuploid fetus is 1 per 80 when she is older than 35 years; this is far greater than the risk of fetal loss after amniocentesis, which is 1 per 200. If you're already having trouble with all-day nausea and queasiness, spicy foods may make things worse. The study did not find a significant increase as the rate of live births was 65.8% (262 of 398 women) in the progesterone group and 63.3% (271 of 428 women) in the placebo group. Those pregnancies with discordant growth and at least one growth-restricted fetus have been associated with a 7.7 fold increased risk of major neonatal morbidity. In 1990, Stagnaro-Green et al observed 500 consecutive women for thyroid-specific autoantibodies (specifically, antithyroglobulin and/or antithyroid peroxidase) in the first trimester of pregnancy. Confirm spontaneous abortion and determine pregnancy status with quantitative beta-hCG, ultrasonography, and pelvic examination; a dilated cervix means that abortion is inevitable. John C Petrozza, MD Instructor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School; Consulting Staff and Chief, Division of Reproductive Medicine and IVF, Vincent Memorial Obstetrics and Gynecology, Director, MGH Fertility Center, Massachusetts General Hospital However, screening for occult diabetes in asymptomatic women is not necessary unless the patient presents with an elevated random glucose level or exhibits other clinical signs of diabetes mellitus or if there is an unexplained loss in the second trimester. At least 50% of all first-trimester spontaneous abortions (SABs) are cytogenetically abnormal. 179(1):226-34. Because advanced age increases the risk of an abnormal karyotype in a conceptus, amniocentesis is routinely offered for all pregnant women of advanced maternal age, which is defined as women older than 35 years. In addition, outcomes did not significantly differ among the 4 treatment groups. Spontaneous abortion, by definition, is death of the fetus. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. 1990 Mar. In patients with a history of venous thrombosis, the prevalence rate is as high as 40%. [8]. 0. wisconsin lutheran jr vikings basketball. What if you have to miss classes? Learn what to do and what to avoid to support your and your baby's health. north macedonia vs faroe islands u19; sab precautions pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. However, studies to date have proven no association between recurrent pregnancy loss and HLA. 6. Perform karyotype of parents with family or personal history of genetic abnormalities. Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, O'Connor JF, et al. Hyperhomocystinemia, which may be congenital or acquired, is associated with thrombosis and premature vascular disease. For example, a study by Coomarasamy et al randomly assigned 836 women with recurrent miscarriages to receive treatment with progesterone or a placebo to investigate whether the live birth rate would increase in the group that was treated with progesterone. Fibrinolytic pattern in recurrent spontaneous abortions: no relationship between hypofibrinolysis and anti-phospholipid antibodies. For recurrent pregnancy loss Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Recurrent pregnancy loss is 2 to 3 spontaneous abortions. (2020). Imaging studies in the diagnosis of uterine defects include the following: Data from uncontrolled, retrospective reviews have suggested that resection of the uterine septum increases delivery rates, although a prospective, controlled trial did not show that surgical correction of uterine abnormalities benefits pregnancy outcomes. Incomplete abortion: The products of conception are partially expelled. It was so spontaneous and it was one of the best times. 2008 Jan. 19(1):55-62. Hematologic abnormalities associated with recurrent pregnancy loss include dysfibrinogenemia, factor XIII deficiency, congenital hypofibrinogenemia and afibrinogenemia, and sickle cell anemia. https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvMjYwNDk1LW92ZXJ2aWV3, Table 1: Terms Used to Describe Pregnancy Loss. In reciprocal translocations, there is an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes. Therefore, an equilibrium exists between the level of HLA expression on the trophoblast and the amount of lymphokine activation of NK cells, leading to the concept of fine regulation of trophoblast invasion. Patrassi GM, Sartori MT, Ruffatti A, Viero M, Di Lenardo L, Cazzanello D, et al. Most commonly, the complications result from impaired vascularization and fetal growth restriction. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. At conventional doses, it increases the inhibitory action of antithrombin III on activated coagulation factors XII, XI, IX, X, and thrombin. Pregnancy and Radiation Exposure Information Sheet is an information sheet published by the Health Physics Society. In these patients, folic acid replacement helps achieve normal homocysteine levels within a few days. Calculating your BMI when you are pregnant isn't difficult. Threatened abortion is vaginal bleeding without cervical dilation before 20 weeks in a confirmed viable intrauterine pregnancy read more ). Patients with caffeine intake of less than 200 mg/d were 1.42 times more likely to have an early miscarriage, whereas in those with intake of 200 mg/d or greater, the risk increased to 2.23 times compared with patients with no caffeine use. For instance, nearly 70% of SABs in the first 12 weeks are due to chromosomal anomalies. Early pregnancy loss is defined as the termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks' gestation or with a fetal weight of < 500 g. Most investigators agree that both ectopic and molar pregnancies should not be included in the definition. Most patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage do not benefit from an extensive infection workup. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 25% of pregnancies Most common 1st tri complication 50% chromosomal . This disorder is characterized by the presence of APL antibodies, which are frequently linked to pregnancy losses in the pre-embryonic (< 6 wk), embryonic (6-9 wk), and fetal (10 wk gestation) time periods. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Expulsion of the pregnancy tissue increases with time and with pregnancy type. 1996 May. Recurrent pregnancy loss is associated with several autoimmune diseases. Prevalence and Types Most spontaneous miscarriages are caused by an abnormal (aneuploid) karyotype of the embryo. The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors Audra D Robertson, MD and Barbara O'Brien, MD to the development and writing of this article. When the COVID-causing virus SARS-CoV-2 first emerged, it wasn't clear what additional risksif anyit posed to . Treatment data are difficult to analyze because most studies are not randomized and do not include appropriate controls. o Plan: Medication - 1. Food handling concerns. Endocrine factors - Perform thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) screening in symptomatic patients. A similar lack of data exists for women who are breastfeeding . Here are some of the benefits from exercise during pregnancy you may experience: Reduces backaches, constipation, bloating, and swelling. Special Precautions Although you shouldn't fret about every little thing, certain substances and situations require particular attention during pregnancy. By following doctors' advice and taking some extra precautions, you can enjoy a healthy, happy pregnancy while protecting yourself and your unborn child from the effects of COVID-19. Rho(D) immune globulin Prevention Hemolytic disease of the fetus and neonate is hemolytic anemia in the fetus (or neonate, as erythroblastosis neonatorum) caused by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal read more is given if the mother is Rh-negative. Furthermore, although LPD has been reported in 23-60% of women with recurrent miscarriage, as many as 31% of normally fertile women have an LPD according to the results from serial endometrial biopsy procedures. An anembryonic pregnancy refers to a gestational sac with no yolk sac or embryo, seen on ultrasound, in a nonviable pregnancy. Hospital or Institution. In addition, certain inherited disorders that predispose women to venous and/or arterial thrombus formation are associated with pregnancy loss. 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