Signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1966, the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is federal legislation in the United States designed to prevent animal cruelty and abuse within laboratories, the entertainment industry (e.g., zoos, circuses), and captive breeding. (Sect.2.76 (a)(1)-(8)). Flashcards. According to poet and philosopher, Sri Aurobindo, Life is lifewhether in a cat, or dog or man. Home Essay Samples Law, Crime & Punishment Animal Cruelty Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Animals For Entertainment Purposes This essay has been submitted by a student. The other people would say that the most efficient way goes against the animal's welfare. Section 2.76 Records: Operators of auction sales and brokers. Extent of the Zoo Licensing Act 2.1 Section 1 makes clear that all zoos that are open to the public, with or without charge on seven or more days in a twelve-month period need a licence from their local authority to operate. Animal testing should be abolished because it is unnecessary, inaccurate, and cruel to animals. (Sect.2.126 (a)(1)). Section numbers are provided for reference. Those who have the heart to inflict this type of brutality do this by immobilizing them in restraint devices for hours, in order to drill holes into their skulls and have their spinal cords crushed (PETA). Show abstract. Section 2.31 (c)(6) and (7) requires the IACUC to review and approve, or make modifications to, proposed and ongoing activities related to the care and use of animals as specified in section 2.31(d). If it does, then it can be tested on humans with a lower risk of a negative outcome. 1 Charges and countercharges permeate both written and oral discussions of this topic. Animal welfare has been a controversial subject in recent years. USDA'sAnimaland Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducts licensing and inspections of zoos to ensure compliance with the minimum standards of care required by the Animal Welfare Act. 3.86 (c)). Premises Registration Step 2. (Sect. The certificate shall include at least the information required in section 3.136 (b)(1)-(4). They do not form part of the Act and have not been endorsed by Parliament. The, Food Security Act of 1985. (b) A class "B" dealer shall identify all live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 (b). Generally, Animal Care (AC) ensures regulatory compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) primarily through the use of inspections. mal Welfare act 2006. The model has a number of advantages which include the following: the systematic identification of a wide range of impacts associated with a variety of control tools; the production of relative rankings of tools in terms of their welfare impacts; the easy incorporation of new information into assessments; and the highlighting of additional "A licensee shall promptly notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in name, address, management, or substantial control or ownership of his business operation, or of any additional sites, within 10 days of any change." Section 3.61 Primary enclosures used to transport live rabbits. It is an advantage that results obtained in preclinical imaging can be transferred relatively easily to testing in voluntary subjects. Animal cruelty legislation prohibits the most extreme, deliberate or willful forms of mistreatment of animals, imposing criminal sanctions for certain acts that constitute "cruelty to animals". Philosophy. The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. (b) Any carrier or intermediate handler shall only accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any marine mammal in a primary enclosure which conforms to the requirements set forth in section 3.113 of the standards:Provided, however,That any carrier or intermediate handler may accept for transport, in commerce, any marine mammal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate, signed by the consignor, stating that the primary enclosure complies with section 3.113 of the standards, unless such primary enclosure is obviously defective or damaged and it is apparent that it cannot reasonably be expected to contain the marine mammal without causing suffering or injury to such marine mammal. There is only one fundamental right: To live successfully, a man has to make his own choices as well as animals too (Roleff,2014,p.33). Domestic wild animals as pets not only provide benefits to their caretakers but also provide them with mental relief and keeps them away from stress. (Sect. 3). (b) One copy of the record shall be given to the consignor of each animal, one copy to the purchaser of each animal, and one copy shall be retained by the auction sale or broker. F or centuries, humans have used animals for food, clothing, companionship, and other purposes. The Act places the legal burden on the actual person in charge and basically aims to protect the animals from us doing them harm or abusing them and this is what many owners are unaware of. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Computer Advantages and disadvantages of computer advantages of computers are : 1.computers proccess data faster 2.computers are more accurate 3.computers are efficient disadvantages of computers are: 1.they rely on electricity, hence limit their reliability 2. Drugs used to prevent and treat cancer, HIV, diabetes, and other serious conditions have all been tested on animals first. Save animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are not always reliable in certain situations. Imagine an enraged animal rights activist charging toward a scientist in a white lab coat, desperate to free the little mice that are being used as test subjects. Welfare programs help people during their greatest time of need. 3.60 (c)). In 1966, Congress passed the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (P.L. (Sect. (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperatures allowed by the standards may accept.any live rabbit.if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian.on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such rabbit for transportation.stating that such live rabbit is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.65 and 3.66. I believe that animal testing is beneficial because it provides opportunities to improve the lives of both humans and animals. 587 Words 3 Pages Good Essays Inaccurate Animal Testing 2.133 (d)). Our common objective when it comes to welfare is for a British racing industry with agreed, transparent, world-leading standards of equine care for the whole life of our horses; a commitment to innovate and make ongoing, measurable improvements based on clear evidence; delivered through a coherent, proactive strategy with the full engagement of (d)(3)). 89% of scientists surveyed by the Pew Research Center were in favor of animal testing for scientific research. Typically, FE studies used ecological study designs to compare human health and provide a brief overview of the population and communities in developing specific disease . Unfortunately, a lot of products have to be tested on animals before they are approved for human consumption. In the United States, there are many laws in place to prevent the mistreatment of animals, but one of the most harmful ways of abusing animals is not only legal, but considered by many to be completely justified. 8.12 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (which applies in England and Wales), the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 and the Welfare of Animals (Northern Ireland) Act 2011 contain provisions to safeguard the welfare of animals. (2) To examine records required to be kept by the Act and the regulations. (f) All marine mammals must be visually examined by the attending veterinarian at least semiannually and physically examined when determined by the attending veterinarian and at least annually. The fact that there are diverse consumers with dissimilar perspectives on the meat industry makes animal welfare a complex international public policy controversy that also needs to take economical, scientific, cultural and ethical dimensions into consideration. Subpart H - Compliance With Standards and Holding Period. Should animals be treated like humans, then? Simply put, animal rights take away some human rights. Are places of entertainment appropriate for wild animals to live in it normally? Most individuals only define dog abuse as deliberately inflicting pain or simply the failure to take care of the animal (Animal Abuse). Assurances that animals are being raised according to these guidelines are provided through voluntary third-party audits rather than legislation. The Act is enforced by USDA , APHIS, Animal Care. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, teaching, testing, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. The primary animal protection legislation is the Welfare of Animals Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 ('the 2011 Act'), and the Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013. The plan must be in accordance with the currently accepted professional standards as cited in appropriate professional journals or reference guides, and as directed by the attending veterinarian. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Many may argue that the use of animals for entertainment is ok because it is what the animals were born to do (ProQuest Staff); however,the use of animals for entertainment is not okay and constitutes animal cruelty because the animals are not getting the care they need, and the animals are suffering. These explanatory notes relate to the Animal Welfare Act 2006 which received Royal Assent on 8 November 2006. Dead animals are no use for humans If an animal dies during an experiment or test, no results will be gathered. Learn. A copy of such certification shall accompany the shipment to destination. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 3.112 (c)). The plan must be made available to APHIS upon request. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. From Subchapter A--Animal Welfare, 9 C.F.R. There is a proviso that field studies as defined in Part 1 are exempt from this requirement. (d) Any dealer or exhibitor offering any live animal to any carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce shall affix to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting such live animal, written instructions concerning the food and water requirements of such animal while being so transported. Section 2.8 Notification of change of name, address, control, or ownership of business. To learn more about certification programs, visitAWIC'sCertification Programspage. Section 3.60 Consignments to carriers and intermediate handlers. "The Blue Book" contains the most up-to-date version (May 2022) of the AWAand its regulations. In a first of its kind, the Government has today published an action plan for animal welfare that will revolutionise the treatment of animals in the UK and . Animals play a role in the supply of food, is it acceptable for humans to starve and be malnourished because animals are off the menu? Contribution to the understanding of animal behavior. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. In 2011, Greyhound trainer Robbie Williams was arrested for the deaths of 37 greyhounds (Kitzmiller). Section 3.86 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. It can fund other types of organizations that will help improve the world or resolve certain economic or social issues. A practical approach to animal welfare law lays out the central. It can also be used by anyone to understand what APHIS inspectors are observing during an inspection. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires wholesale breeders and dealers who supply animalsto pet stores, brokers, or research facilities to be licensed with USDA. There are countless other types of exploitation including: intentional torture, organized abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, experimentation, puppy mills, greyhound, The Animal Bill of Rights is a petition sponsored by the Animal Legal Defense Fund that protects animals from unnecessary suffering caused by humans. a barrister for over 20 years, working in the field of animal. 12 May 2021. The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. (Sect.2.40 (a)(3)). (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area meets the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery of the animal , certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those required in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart. A copy of the certification must accompany the dog or cat to its destination and must include the information required in section 3.13 (e)(1)-(4). Animal-testing is the use of non-human animals in research and development projects, especially for purposes of determining the safety of substances, such as foods, beauty products, and/or drugs. (3.106 (b)(3)) . No person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations shall offer for transportation, or transport, any live guinea pig or hamster in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the requirements in section 3.36. (Sect. (3.106 (a)). If lost or stray, the pound or shelter records shall provide the information required in section 2.132 (e)(2)(i)-(iv). 1.3 The provisions of the Animal Welfare Act 2006 also apply to animals in zoos. (1) "The attending veterinarian may exempt an individual nonhuman primate from participation in the environment enhancement plan because of its health or condition, or in consideration of its well-being. Cons of Animal Testing. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Any person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2 and 3) must not transport or deliver for transport in commerce a dog or cat unless the following requirements are met: (a) (6) The primary enclosure is to be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high, and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position. Ultimately the solution to animal welfare must be based on a real sense of moral responsibility towards animals. It increases the maximum penalties for causing unnecessary suffering or holding animal fights to a 20,000 fine, a 12-month prison sentence or both. They can be burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, forcibly restrained, addicted to drugs, and brain-damaged. Typically, state and local laws govern thetreatmentof farmanimals. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to its destination and shall contain the information required in section 3.35 (c)(1)-(4). (Sect. (3) "Water samples shall be taken and tested at least weekly for coliform count and at least daily for pH and any chemical additives (e.g. However, this term excludes any study that involves an invasive procedure, harms, or materially alters the behavior of an animal under study. 3.101 (b)). So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. 2.1 (a)(2)). Section 3.89 Food and water requirements. 3.13 (b)). Regulations to promote welfare Licensing and registration 13. Not finding what you're looking for or need help searching within the AWA regulations? 3.136 (c)). Proponents, however, would say that animals should be free from human exploitation and cruelty, even if they are below humans in the natural world chain. Shipping documents that must accompany shipments of dogs and catsmust be securely attached in a readily accessible manner to the outside of any primary enclosure that is a part of the shipment, in a manner that allows them to be detached for examination and securely reattached. Stability in the soil as possible by the plantation of trees to ensure the base of land, plants, and animals. These pet companions known as dogs are the most common victims of animal abuse and are accounting for 64.5% of all documented cruelty cases that are media reported (Dog Abuse). Some of the most obvious advantages of public welfare include a greater level of equality amongst citizens, happier people, and less crime. The use of animal testing has increased, due to its many necessary benefits, such as: helping form vaccinations and uncovering new diseases in the specific species being tested on (AALAS). (Sect. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires that minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for commercial sale;used in research, teaching, ortesting;transported commercially;or exhibited to the public. (f) Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals . shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animal" or "Wild Animal" . in letters not less than 1 inch in height, and with arrows or other markings, t o indicate the correct upright position of the container. Written contingency plans must be submitted to and approved by the AC Deputy Administrator regarding emergency sources of water and electric power in the event of failure of the primary sources, when such failure could reasonably be expected to be detrimental to the good health and well-being of the marine mammal housed therein." The certification must include the requirements set forth in section 3.86 (c)(1)-(4). (d) "A dealer who acquires a live dog or cat from another dealer must obtain from that dealer the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section and must attach that certification (including any previously attached certification) to the certification which he or she provides pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section (a photocopy of the original certification will be deemed a duplicate original if the dealer does not dispose of all the dogs or cats in a single transaction)." Use ourAnimal Welfare Act Quick Reference Guides. In the case of a part-time attending veterinarian or consultant arrangements, the formal arrangements shall include a written program of veterinary care and regularly scheduled visits to the premises of the dealer or exhibitor;". (b) Any carrier or intermediate handler shall only accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal in a primary enclosure which conforms to the requirements set forth in section 3.137 of the standards:Provided, however,That any carrier or intermediate handler may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate, signed by the consignor, stating that the primary enclosure complies with section 3.137 of the standards, unless such primary enclosure is obviously defective or damaged and it is apparent that it cannot reasonably be expected to contain the live animal without causing suffering or injury to such live animal. The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (the 2006 Act) is the principal law relating to animal welfare. The bill proposes animals should be in an environment which satisfies their basic physical and psychological needs. A "protected . The advantage of animal research is that it puts no human lives at risk. Furthermore, critics argue that the parameters of the Animal Welfare Act protect primates used in laboratories by stating all facilities must promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates in a which is referred to environmental enhancement. 2.1et. It includes, but not limited to, the avoidance of abuse, maltreatment, cruelty and exploitation of animals by humans by maintaining Laws to protect animals, however, already exist in Europe as early as the 1600s. Nowadays animals are presented in many places of entertainment such as zoos and cruces as well as aquariums where the audients pay a lot of cash to watch fun and exciting things going on, it sure makes us happy but what about the animals are they happy too? After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. (Sect. (Sect.2.132 (e)(2)). let`s find out. Persuasive Speech Animal Testing 1084 Words | 5 Pages Take a look at ourinteractive timeline! (h) Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of the primary enclosure. Exposure of humans to risky substances or possibly hazardous materials will also be cut down, preventing diseases and other side effects. Improving . Section numbers are provided for reference. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The Act is enforced byUSDA,APHIS, Animal Care. Want a quick overview of the AWA and its amendments? (1) "A research facility shall notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in the name, address, or ownership, or other change in operations affecting its status as a research facility, within 10 days after making such change.". It performs a significant role in improving the welfare of humans, for example: 1. Why is management sometimes slow to adopt new animal- friendly methods when there is a At the zoo, guests get to learn about various species of animals they wouldn't otherwise get to see up close in the wild. Field studymeans a study conducted on free-living wild animals in their natural habitat. (a) "Each year, within 30 days prior to the expiration date of his or her license, a licensee shall file with the AC Regional Director an application for license renewal and annual report upon a form which the AC Regional Director will furnish him or her upon request." (Sect. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and its the only Federal law in the United States that regulated treatment and care of animals in research. This guide is used as an aid for APHIS personnel when inspecting USDA licensed and registered facilities. (b) "Guinea pigs shall not be housed in outdoor facilities unless such facilities are located in an appropriate climate and prior approval for such outdoor housing is obtained from the Deputy Administrator." Dealers and exhibitors must develop, document, and follow an appropriate plan for environment enhancement adequate to promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates. However, many animal activist groups such as, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have spoken out against the issue. (a) Hamsters shall not be housed in outdoor facilities. New products and medications that could save people but are considered harmful until tested on certain subjects will never be used if animal testing is no longer allowed. This would only lead to more animals dying before anything conclusive is achieved. Primary enclosures must be clearly marked in English on the top and on one or more sides with the words "Wild Animals", or "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the primary enclosure. The Act also has an offense to remove the scent glands of skunks. Many different animals are used in scientific studies such as rabbits, mice, primates, dogs, cats, pigs, and cows. 3.87 (f)). When using the high welfare methods it raises the price of eggs by 18% which is about 49 cents per dozen. (Sect.2.133 (e)). A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. The purpose of adopting these animals is to take benefit from them as a means of food or business. This term includes all dogs used for hunting, security or breeding purposes. For animals in distress, there are no provisions in these Acts that specifically authorise a veterinary surgeon to . (Sect. With much of our diet coming from animal muscle protein, such a legal structure would change the entire agricultural community and potentially create many more food deserts throughout the world. (Sect. It is the purpose of this Act to protect and promote the welfare of all animals in the Philippines by supervising and regulating the establishment and operations of all facilities utilized for breeding, maintaining, keeping, treating or training of all animals either as objects of trade or as household pets. (Sect. 3. 3.87 (g)). 3.81). 3.89 (b)). (a) Each dealer or exhibitor shall have an attending veterinarian who shall provide adequate veterinary care to its animals in compliance with this section. Application is to be made on a form furnished by the AC Regional Director and is to be filed with the AC Regional Director in the state in which that person operates or intends to operate. The certificate is to include at least the information required in section 3.112 (c)(1)-(4). The person responsible for the animal commits an offence if they cause it " unnecessary physical or mental suffering " and failing to meet their "needs". When this happens no human will be safe. In the context of applications of genetic engineering in human life, misuse of this technology in the production of biological warfare or weapons is a very major disadvantage. (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area facilities meet the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.91 and 3.92, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler, certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those that are required in sections 3.91 and 3.92.A copy of the certification must accompany the nonhuman primate to its destination and must include the information set forth in section 3.86 (e)(1)-(5) for each primary enclosure. A necropsy report must be prepared by the veterinarian listing all pathologic lesions observed and giving the apparent cause of death. (1) If, in the opinion of the attending veterinarian, it is inappropriate for certain dogs to exercise because of their health, condition, or well-being, the dealer or exhibitor may be exempted from meeting the requirements of this section for those dogs. Accordingly, you may wish to contact the appropriate state and local authorities such as Animal Control or your state's Department of Agriculture. Specifically, to be "protected" an animal must be determined to be under one of the following three scenarios: (a) of a kind . Sections. The certificate shall include the information required by section 3.136 (c)(1)-(4). 2. Blur the lines between human and animal rights If animals are viewed as humans, distinction between the two species will be blurred. You get enough to meet your basic needs and nothing more. 3.14 (h)). The first four domains focus . 2.1 (e)(1)). Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. (Sect.3.139 (d)). Millions of animals are killed per year due to animal testing, so is this practice worth banning? (2) All premises, facilities, or sites where such person operates or keeps animals are to be indicated on the application form, or on a separate sheet attached to it. The idea of difference is a human conception for mans own advantage Do you agree or disagree? (Sect. The requirements forreports, notifications, certifications, and record keeping are set forth in Part 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. Not sure where to start in our digital collection? Subpart D - Attending Veterinarian and Adequate Veterinary Care. Learn. Section 3.16 Food and water requirements. 89-54) to prevent pets from being stolen for sale to research laboratories, and to regulate the humane care and handling of dogs, cats, and other laboratory animals. (a) ". Consignors who are subject to Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2 and 3) must certify that each nonhuman primate was offered food and potable water within the 4 hours preceding delivery of the nonhuman primate to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce, and must certify the date and time the food and potable water was offered, in accordance section 3.86 (c) of this subpart." While USDA considers the humane treatment of animals to be important, the USDA's regulatory authority does not extend to farm animals used for food, fiber, or other agricultural purposes. (e)(1) On or before the expiration date of the license (the license is good for one year), a licensee who wishes to renew the license shall submit a completed application form, the application fee of $10, and the appropriate annual fee to the AC Regional Director. And cruel to animals own advantage do you agree or disagree in outdoor facilities of this topic diseases. An official government organization in the soil as possible by the veterinarian all. Dying before anything conclusive is achieved of adopting these animals is to take from... Shall identify all live dogs and cats as indicated in section 3.86 ( c ) ( 2 ).! Lot of products have to be tested on animals are used in scientific studies as! Advantage that results obtained in preclinical imaging can be transferred relatively easily to testing in voluntary subjects rather., isolated, starved, forcibly restrained, addicted to drugs, and cows by section 3.136 ( b (. 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