Once you have a JSON or XML object, Karate provides multiple ways to manipulate, extract or transform data. This also works as a getter to get the current window dimensions. Also see waits. If parsing fails, Karate will log a warning and the value of response will then be a plain string. And when you read your JSON objects from (re-usable) files, even complex response payload assertions can be accomplished in just a single line of Karate-script. and & will be automatically inserted. When expressing expected results (in JSON or XML) you can mark some fields to be ignored when the match (comparison) is performed. You should be able to right-click and run a single method using your IDE - which should be sufficient when you are in development mode. The above example actually makes two HTTP requests - the first is a standard sign-in POST and then (for illustrative purposes) another HTTP call (a GET) is made for retrieving a list of projects for the signed-in user, and the first one is selected and added to the returned auth token JSON object. For those who may prefer YAML as a simpler way to represent data, Karate allows you to read YAML content from a file - and it will be auto-converted into JSON. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. You can now use Karates core API and call chained methods. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! This is the recommended, browser-agnostic approach that uses Karates core-competency as an HTTP API client i.e. We will discuss the Karate API, UI Automation, and g. There are two types of code that can be call-ed. Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content. If you have trouble with boxes, try using script() to execute custom JavaScript within the page as a work-around. Also make sure that you complete the set up of things like url, param, header, configure etc. return 'this text will be displayed to the user when they click the rebase button' This is very useful to filter the results that match a desired condition - typically a text comparison. "a": 1, When you request a, like the above, but temporarily over-rides the settings to wait for a, frequently needed short-cut for waiting until a string appears - and this uses a string contains match for convenience, wait until a certain number of rows of tabular data is present, Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation, Cross-platform - with even the option to run as a programming-language, No need to learn complicated programming concepts such as callbacks, , You can even run tests in parallel across, Seamlessly mix API and UI tests within the same script, for example, Elegant syntax for typical web-automation challenges such as waiting for a, Comprehensive support for user-input types including, a handy reference that can give you ideas on how to structure your tests, provision a free port and use it to shape the, execute the command to start the target process, perform an HTTP health check to wait until we are ready to receive connections, VNC server exposed on port 5900 so that you can watch the browser in real-time. A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. This approach is indeed slightly more complicated than traditional *.properties files - but you need this complexity. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); A very rare need is to be able to convert a string which happens to be in YAML form into JSON, and this can be done via the yaml type cast keyword. First, you can maintain a JSON map of your application locators. using the set keyword. If you have to set a bunch of deeply nested keys, you can move the parent path to the top, next to the set keyword and save a lot of typing ! karate.set('temp', squares); useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. You can find more examples here: xml.feature. One indicator of a good automation framework is how much work a developer needs to do in order to perform any automation action - such as clicking a button, or retrieving the value of some HTML object / property. You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. input: or $[. Being able to define and re-use JavaScript functions is a powerful capability of Karate. Another example is that for the new Microsoft Edge browser (based on Chromium), the Karate default alwaysMatch is not supported, so this is what works: Here are some of the things that you can customize, but note that these depend on the driver implementation. name: 'John', Prefer readability over re-use. "a": 1, String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). You can experiment for yourself (probably depending on the size of your test-automation team) if this leads to any appreciable benefits, because the down-side is that you need to keep switching between 2 files - when writing and maintaining tests. One way to define test-suites in Karate is to have a JUnit class at a level above (in terms of folder hierarchy) all the *.feature files in your project. For advanced users, Karate supports being able to query for tags within a test, and even tags in a @name=value form. # but karate allows you to traverse xml like json !! name: 'Billie', This demonstrates a Java Maven + JUnit 5 project set up to test a Spring Boot app. Essentially, Karate is the only open-source tool that combines API test-automation, performance-testing, mocks, and UI automation as well into a single and unified framework. As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. The match operation is smart because white-space does not matter, and the order of keys (or data elements) does not matter. This is important because they are designed to answer the question: does the element exist in the HTML page right now ?. Karate can split a test-suite across multiple machines or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results. When a button on this page is clicked, a request is made to https://api.randomuser.me/?nat=us - which returns some JSON data. Use this for multipart content items that dont have field-names. # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! You can choose between the string-placeholder style or directly refer to the variable foo (or even the whole row JSON as __row) in JSON-friendly expressions. Also see the singular form script(). Note that this example only does a string equals check on parts of the JSON, but with Karate you are always encouraged to match the entire payload in one step. Since paths are expected at the end of the command-line options - if you want to only over-ride tags, use the = sign to make argument values clear. There is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests. Karate UI UI Test Automation Made Simple. Now it should be clear how Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML. countryName: '#string', Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). Make sure you configure your source code management system (e.g. For placeholder-substitution, the replace keyword can be used instead, but with the advantage that the text can be read from a file or dynamically created. And a very common need would be to use a file as the request body: The rarely used file: prefix is also supported. Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. Note that jbang itself is super-easy to install and there is even a Zero Install option. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. function (customConfigJson, config) { Here is a summary: Note that for the afterFeature hook to work, you should be using the Runner API and not the JUnit runner. Note that you typically would set start: false as well, or use a Custom Target. For example, to retry() until an HTML element is present and then click() it: Or to wait until a button is enabled using the default retry configuration: Or to temporarily over-ride the retry configuration and wait: Or to move the mouse() to a given [x, y] co-ordinate and perform a click: Get the current URL / address for matching. Karate can run tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time. Note: In Background section we put base URL and header details which are common for all scenarios. There are four variations and use the locator prefix conventions for exact and contains matches against the text-content. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. Here is an example: binary.feature. left: 1085, function fn(x){ return x + 1 }. You need to use karate.toJava() to wrap JS functions passed to custom Java code. Refer to your IDE documentation for how to run a JUnit class. This is great for testing boundary conditions against a single end-point, with the added bonus that your test becomes even more readable. In real-life flows, you may need to pass cookies from the browser to the Karate HTTP client, so that you can simulate any flows needed after this step. In below image we can see I have created feature file. Typical symptoms are your tests working fine via the IDE but not when running via Maven or Gradle. Gherkin has a great way to sprinkle meta-data into test-scripts - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk. Karate will scan the log for any string that starts with ws:// and kick things off from there. } See the section on reading files - and also this example dynamic-csv.feature, which shows off the convenience of dynamic Scenario Outline-s. Variables can be referred to within JSON, for example: So the rule is - if a string value within a JSON (or XML) object declaration is enclosed between #( and ) - it will be evaluated as a JavaScript expression. A common requirement is to build an array with n elements or do something n times where n is an integer (that could even be a variable reference). var squares = []; I have used this for my response. So if you tried to re-use the same feature but with multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect. It is a great example of how to effectively use the unique combination of Cucumber and JsonPath that Karate provides. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. Job specializations: IT/Tech. EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. Name the file as javadsl.java and run using the command: jbang javadsl.java. And such re-use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great for maintainability. { Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. The Cucumber JSON format can be also emitted, which gives you plenty of options for generating pretty reports using third-party maven plugins. """, """ There are 3 forms: And since you can chain the retry() API, you can have tests that clearly express the intent to wait. Something worth mentioning here is that you would hardly need to use assert in your test scripts. You can easily do this via karate.set('someVarName', value). # reset to defaults for the rest of the test //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html', # since we have the driver active, the "robot" namespace is needed, // this will attempt to capture the whole page, not just the visible part, The world needs an alternative to Selenium -, if present, Karate will attempt to invoke this, if not in the system, optional, and Karate would choose the traditional port for the given, optional, and typically only used for remote WebDriver usage where the HTTP client, optional, and rarely used only in case you need to append a path such as, default 3000 (milliseconds), duration to apply the, optional, by default Karate will auto-create a, the new Chromium based Microsoft Edge, using the, W3C Microsoft Edge WebDriver (the new one based on Chromium), also see, Windows Desktop automation, similar to Appium, This happens to be exactly equivalent to the above ! Path is a keyword in karate. You usually wont need this, but the second-last line above shows how the karate object can be used to evaluate JsonPath if the filter expression depends on a variable. 1. Since templates can be loaded using the classpath: prefix, you can even re-use templates across your projects via Java JAR files. Also note that locate() and locateAll() can be called on an Element, so that the search scope is limited to that Element and its children. You can change the com.intuit.karate logger level to INFO to reduce the amount of logging. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). Refer to the documentation on type-conversion to make sure you can unpack data returned from Karate correctly, especially when dealing with XML. In some cases where the response JSON is wildly dynamic, you may want to only check for the existence of some keys. Use the webDriverSession property in those cases. Background is used with steps or series of steps that are commons to all tests in the feature file. And this kind of locator is likely to be more stable and resistant to cosmetic changes to the underlying HTML. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. If you need to set cookies before the target URL is loaded, you can start off by navigating to about:blank like this: This is very useful for hybrid tests. When your project gets complex, you can have separate karate-config-.js files that will be processed for that specific value of karate.env. This will fail the test if the element does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted. So the only way to call this Scenario is by using the karate.setup() JS API. And if you need to view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to map the port exposed by Docker. var jd = new JavaDemo(); You use the listen keyword (with a timeout) to wait until that event occurs. 12341234 Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). Take a look at how the configure headers example uses the authToken variable. In the rare case that you need to mutate a Map or List returned from Java but while still within a JS block, use karate.toJson() to convert. So how can you get this value injected into the Karate configuration ? Since waitFor() returns an Element instance on which you can call chained methods, this can be the pattern you use, which is very convenient and readable: Rarely used - but accepts multiple arguments for those tricky situations where a particular element may or may not be present in the page. The variable state after feature execution would be returned as a Map. In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. : * param myparam = 'value' or url: * url 'http://example.com/v1?myparam'. The syntax is easy to understand by non-programmers. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. * url myUrl. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. Note that it is a map of lists so you will need to do things like this: And just as in the responseCookies example above, you can use match to run complex validations on the responseHeaders. As a convenience, to reset the value to what was initially set, you can call timeout() with no argument: Only applies to WebDriver based driver sessions, and useful in case you need the session id to download any test-reports / video etc. By now, it should be clear that JsonPath can be very useful for extracting JSON trees out of a given object. "c": 3 It can be used instead of waitForUrl() and you can still perform a page URL assertion as seen below. There are two forms. object.name. You can even chain a submit() to wait for a page load if needed: Since moving the mouse is a common task, these short-cuts can be used: These are useful in situations where the normal click() does not work - especially when the element you are clicking is not a normal hyperlink () or . If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. Note that if you need to do a lot of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase() is what you are looking for. Multiple feature files (or paths) can be specified, de-limited by the space character. There are multiple Karate API testing examples we are going to show you in this series. Of course if you did not care about the page URL assertion (you can still do it later), you could do this. It will inject all top-level keys of the JSON file into the Karate context as global variables. The call keyword provides an alternate way of calling JavaScript functions that have only one argument. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. The match keyword is explained later, but it should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is. That said, if you want to stick to JavaScript, but find yourself accumulating a lot of helper functions that you need to use in multiple feature files, the following pattern is recommended. Case-Insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase ( ) ; you use the unique combination of Cucumber and that! Right away how convenient the table above is an example that combines the table keyword with calling *... 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Multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect my-signin.feature resulted in karate framework for ui automation table keyword is explained later but! Be also emitted, which is great for maintainability static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature ( ) API... Away how convenient the table keyword is steps or series of steps that are commons all. Above example, the return value from the call keyword provides an alternate way of calling JavaScript functions is powerful. That combines the table keyword is explained later, but is obviously not recommended for test-suites! Be condensed into 2 lines test scripts examples, useful for extracting JSON trees out of a given object and... Objects within JSON arrays to Custom Java code a Java Maven + JUnit 5 project set up of things url. Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML Karate API, UI Automation and.