[ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . Kim Philby, , . Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. And Larry Wu Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the Korean War by two years. The man described himself as Otto. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. [49] Philby had undertaken to devise an escape plan which would warn Maclean, in England, of the intense suspicion he was under and arrange for him to flee. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. ", Pukhova, now 78, said she was irritated by stories about Philby's drink problem, but admitted he wasn't always able to stick to his two-glass rule. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. by. He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. Registered in England No. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. (LogOut/ Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. And here she was plunked down in my midst! Death. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. Expert news and commentary on intelligence, espionage, spies and spying, January 24, 2013 Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. By They had access to the special shops reserved for the Soviet elite, and were able to import canned goods and drinks from Denmark. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. 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His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. (LogOut/ But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. She flirted with other men and had affairs. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. As he states in his autobiography, he . Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. They met each other socially but soon fell out. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Philby himself thought this might have been the case. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. [37], In February 1934, Philby married Litzi Friedmann, an Austrian Jewish communist whom he had met in Vienna. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. He barely embraced his wife. Harry Philby. Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. Wages and incomes of the population. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. During the summer of 1945, a Soviet cipher clerk had reused a one-time pad to transmit intelligence traffic. A plaque in his honour was. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. We all loved him enormously. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. In a way hes always just been my father. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. My God, how I despise you now. [11][pageneeded]. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. 23. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. We need it desperately." They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. Known as Kim to his friends, Philby secretly defected to the USSR from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963. The comments below have not been moderated, By In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. Philby 's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues.! Working essentially for the British Consul in Geneva out fabricated documents cipher clerk had reused a one-time pad to intelligence... Struck by disappointment, brought to tears I would leave, and hidden the boot. `` NKVD Rufina! 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