Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). 1. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. It should be noted that land reclamation is not peculiar to Nigeria alone; it is an age-long practice that is common in many parts of the world; coastal areas to be precise. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. In his opinion: When we talk about sand filling and its negative effects, we are talking about the war between ecology and economy, which translates to nature versus man. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). The colonization of pioneer species will accelerate the establishment of other successional stages (e.g. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. With . So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. Jakarta, the fastest sinking city in the world, made a plan in 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and subsidence. 08 February 2021 | The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. The entry of big machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms. The ordinance was a contributory factor to the formation of Planning Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board (LEBD) then. The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. This situation had led to the loss of many species. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). Several communities, they said, have been swept away amid predictions that if restraints on land reclamation are not taken into account, Lagos may be submerged by 2050. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nation's commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. How? Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. London, SW7 2QJ, We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. 5 Princes Gate Court, Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . from lands, the diking and draining of tidal marshes, the smoothing and re-vegetation of strip-mine spoil areas [8]. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. But ecology sees farther ahead.. In 2014, an area measuring 100m50m was dredged and sand filled. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. Everyone wants to own a house, especially in Lagos, because the land is not large enough. The Great Wall of Lagos will ensure that everyone living and working within the 10 square kilometres (6.2 miles) of reclaimed land for Eko Atlantic and the population of Victoria Island are protected from the sea, Frame assured. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. Metro Land Reclamation: Safety concerns of a sand-filled Lagos July 16, 2014 BY ChARLES KUMOLU LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. The uppermost layer or photic zone is 10m of water and absorbs 80% of solar energy, which carries out primary productivity. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. Landscape reclamation is. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. It occurs at on-shore or off-shore locations [3]. Also the Project Director, Arctic Infrastructure (AI), Mr. Lookman Oshodi, observed that in a city like Lagos where the per square kilometre of land available to a resident is relatively small, physical development is in spread form and cohesive approach to organise the city is not adequate, leading to competition over space which gives the outlook of the winner takes all. When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. . This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. Cities such as Guangzhou (China), Jakarta (Indonesia), Mombasa (Kenya), Osaka (Japan), Singapore, Conakry (Guinea), and Adelaide (Australia), whose pre-reclamation elevation is less than <2 m + MSL, are especially vulnerable to increased magnitude and frequency of storm surges and coastal flooding. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. According to history, Minna was a labour camp for railway construction and this led to . The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. The following are natural resources found in land in Nigeria: columbite, dolomite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone, silver, uranium and crude oil. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. SINGAPORE - A new method of land reclamation will be adopted at the north-western tip of Pulau Tekong, adding new land the size of two Toa Payoh towns for military training purposes, National . This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. Sand mining activity is a lucrative business in the Niger Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials. Port-Harcourt, Warri and Lagos are at the sea level. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s ( Figure 3 ) terrestrial... 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