View details for Web of Science ID 000177999000007. The most common presenting symptom was back pain. It is also active in vitro and in animal models against a number of other filamentous and dimorphic endemic fungi and in animal models of Pneumocystis carinii infection. Stevens, D. A., Schwartz, H. J., Lee, J. Y., Moskovitz, B. L., Jerome, D. C., Catanzaro, A., Bamberger, D. M., Weinmann, A. J., TUAZON, C. U., Judson, M. A., Platts-Mills, T. A., DeGraff, A. C., Grossman, J., Slavin, R. G., Reuman, P. Combined treatment: antifungal drugs with antibodies, cytokines or drugs. In all studies, 90% of mice infected with 10(7) CFU of YJM128 died between days 2 and 7, whereas no mice infected with equivalent numbers of Y55 died. Sixty isolates were grouped on the basis of the presence (group B) or absence (group A) of a 3-kb band. Significant differences in drug susceptibility among species in the Candida parapsilosis group. The available data suggest that clinical symptoms alone are inadequate to make such decisions, since significant lung damage may occur in asymptomatic patients. Moreover, such treatment of PMN also enhanced the collaboration of PMN with VCZ. Adrian Whitaker was a guest speaker in the forum "Women in Archaeology: Mentoring and Connecting." Although this study was limited by the number of patients enrolled, it clearly demonstrates that posaconazole shows promise in the treatment of patients with coccidioidomycosis and warrants additional investigation in a full-scale clinical trial. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.018, View details for Web of Science ID 000310657400011. Dissemination to livers occurred and was 100% on days 5 to 15; fewer animals had kidney infection. Subcutaneous HKY is an effective vaccine against Aspergillus, Coccidioides or Candida challenge. Choi, J., Kwon, E., Park, C., Choi, S., Lee, D., Yoo, J., Shin, W., Stevens, D. A. The decision to taper steroids should be made on an individual basis, depending on clinical course. In this book, David Stevens explains how the principles of Participatory Business Planning may be applied to any business or public body, of any size and how they can turn adversity into prosperity and efficiency. All relationship and family history information shown on FameChain has been compiled from data in the public domain. University of Wales, Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom. Rodent, particularly mouse, models of aspergillosis predominate as the choice for most investigators. This study describes a significant correlation between loss of heterozygosity at the C. albicans mating-type-like (MTL) locus and resistance to azole antifungals. In responders, improvement was seen within months of the initiation of therapy. The clinical manifestations of this infection included embolization of the superficial femoral artery or of the bifurcation of the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries in three of these patients (two with prosthetic valve and one with native valve endocarditis). Fungal burdens in brains and kidneys were reduced after > 0.3 mg of mannan-BSA (all P < 0.05). Studies done to emulate human disease have relied on models using common laboratory animal species. This suggested a hormonal interaction between female hormones and the etiologic dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. In these studies we assessed the utility of recombinant human MBL (rhMBL) as a therapeutic against experimental C. albicans vaginitis. Dis. My research is within the field of moral and political philosophy, in particular I am interested in the proper relationship between conceptions of the good (such as religious and ethical conceptions) and the role of the liberal democratic state, though my interests extend to questions of social justice more generally. [2], At the time of his death, Stevens was a member of the Royal College of Physicians London, and the British Archaeological Association. In summary, these data indicate that the risk factor for aspergillosis associated with DEX could be lessened in the pulmonary compartment with GM-CSF. The continued rise in serious fungal infections and rises in therapy failure dictate that more efficacious therapies be developed. Mean peak concentrations occurred 4 to 6 h after administration, ranging from 7 to 17 micrograms/ml for doses of 400 to 2,000 mg. TLRs are important in the defense against fungal pathogens. A 16.5% salt concentration in brain-heart infusion broth, incubated at 35 degrees C for 48-72 hours, then subcultured to agar plates incubated in room air at 35 degrees C, proved optimal for selection and secondary isolation. Political Ideas in Practice: Problem-solving Political Theory. The immunological basis for differences in resistance to pulmonary blastomycosis between young (3 to 4-week-old) and adult (7 to 8-week-old) CD-1 mice is unknown. In these studies, we examined the efficacy of micafungin (MICA) alone or in combination with other antifungals in a model of pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed DBA/2 mice infected intranasally with conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus 10AF. The molecular mechanism is unknown. A model of orogastric candidosis in SCID mice, which mimics disease seen in AIDS patients, was used to evaluate ravuconazole in comparison with fluconazole for treatment. Therefore, C. albicans and C. dubliniensis genotype distribution differences in Israel are related to changes in all ethnic groups. Indeed, archaeology is only really delightful when transfused into some form of art." Oscar Wilde. Those group A and B isolates unable to form viable spores may be diploid hybrids between Saccharomyces species. 3rd year: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations, Dynamical Oceanography, Dynamical Meteorology. Lethal infection developed in all mice given 10-60 colony-forming units (cfu). View details for Web of Science ID 000177080400004. Because drugs with different mechanisms of action produced this effect, this suggests that it is the result of factors mediated by the cells. Date of birth. Because it is highly lethal in the immunocompromised host, even in the face of therapy, work-up must be prompt and aggressive, and therapy may need to be initiated upon suspicion of the diagnosis, without definitive proof (BIII). Clemons, K. V., Sobel, R. A., Williams, P. L., Pappagianis, D., Stevens, D. A. A satisfactory efficacy response was defined as a >or=50% reduction in the Mycoses Study Group score from baseline.Seventeen (85%) of 20 patients had a satisfactory response to treatment. 45. Bronchoalveolar lavage is also very useful. Of the 19 proposed Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates [group I by internally transcribed spacer (ITS1) sequence], the most commonly encountered species, 17 were RFLP type VII-1. Vaz, C., Sampaio, P., Clemons, K. V., Huang, Y., Stevens, D. A., Pais, C. Saccharomyces as a vaccine against systemic aspergillosis: 'the friend of man' a friend again? Maximum parsimony, Neighbor joining, and Bayesian clustering of the ISSR data from the 113 sequence-confirmed A. terreus isolates demonstrated that one clade was composed exclusively of isolates from Europe and another clade was enriched for isolates from the US.This study provides evidence of a population structure linked to geographical origin in A. terreus. The term "aspergillosis" comprises several categories of infection: invasive aspergillosis; chronic necrotizing aspergillosis; aspergilloma, or fungus ball; and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. My research can be broken down into three main areas: I am also interested in (though publish less frequently on) ethical and moral questions, such as killing and harming, just war theory, nationality and the structure of moral obligations. Among cases of IA during 1966-2001, 249 were treated with 23 different antifungal combinations. It was the aim of the present study to assess whether typing of the intergenic spacer region by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms of PCR products (intergenic transcribed spacer PCR [ITS-PCR] ribotyping) could distinguish among type strains of the 10 accepted species of Saccharomyces and further to assess if this method could distinguish strains that were interspecific hybrids. We assessed the role of MBL in experimental systemic aspergillosis. Pharmacokinetic parameter differences between birds dosed with VRC, with or without liquid diet, were not clinically significant. Click the button below to download Dr David Stevenss resume as a PDF. Proceedings of the Society of California Archaeology 23:175-180. These data indicate that micafungin inhibits growth of tissue forms of A. fumigatus, and phagocytes and micafungin together have an additive effect. We devised a pulmonary infection model in neutropenic BALB/c mice, used an antibacterial regimen to prevent confounding sepsis, and optimized PMN induction, purifications, and dose. Zeamatin, a natural plant-derived antifungal protein, was tested alone and in combination with an azole, clotrimazole or nikkomycin Z, a chitin synthase inhibitor.Whereas alone, zeamatin was ineffective, nikkomycin Z was effective only when dosed multiple times per day, and clotrimazole efficacy was variable when administered in experimental vehicles (unlike the complex and undefined commercial preparation), zeamatin enhanced the efficacy of either of the other two drugs when they were given in combination.Drug interactions between novel drugs with unique mechanisms of action should be explored further, and may lead to more potent regimens. Rapid, aggressive therapy may be necessary to eradicate this organism. Here, we emphasize prevention and an approach to a laboratory accident that minimizes the risk of exposure to laboratory staff and staff in adjacent areas. Nicola Harrington told National Geographic, "the cones (were) worn in the presence of the divine," she said. But at home, in her secret . Born Alice May Roberts on 19th May, 1973 in Bristol, England, UK and educated at Redmaids' High School, she is famous for Time Team, Coast, Dr Alice Roberts: Don`t Die Young in a career that spans 2012 > present (Professor of Public Engagement with Science at Birmingham University) and 2005 > present (author) and 2009 > present (radio) and 1997 > 1998 (junior medical doctor) and 2009 > present (Director of Anatomy for the NHS Severn Deanery School of Surgery) and [????] The current rate of breastfeeding sounds high (a 2010 survey showed that more than 80% babies were being breastfed at birth) but that rate drops off very quickly. Overall, animal models of fungal infection will continue to be valuable tools in addressing questions concerning fungal infections and contribute to our deeper understanding of how these infections occur, progress and can be controlled and eliminated. View details for Web of Science ID 000175084400015. The immunological basis for a >10-fold resistance of outbred CD-1 mice compared to inbred BALB/c mice to pulmonary blastomycosis was investigated. Amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine was the most commonly used (49% of cases), followed by amphotericin B plus itraconazole (16%) or plus rifampin (11%). High loading-doses of AmBi were associated with nephrosis and damage to other tissues. These data indicate that AmBi may offer an improvement in the treatment of coccidioidal meningitis. In contrast to prior reports, this study suggests that human serum acts synergistically with caspofungin to enhance its inhibitory activity in vitro against A. fumigatus. Chiller, T. M., Luque, J. C., Sobel, R. A., Farrokhshad, K., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Efficacy of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) against coccidioidal meningitis in rabbits. Scatchard analysis of [3H]progesterone binding in both the + and - mating types of Arthroderma benhamiae and in Microsporum canis revealed a single class of binding sites with approximately the same affinity as that in T. mentagrophytes (Kd, 1 X 10(-7) to 2 X 10(-7) M). We have described previously a progesterone-binding protein (PBP) in cytoplasmic extracts of T. mentagrophytes and hypothesized that progesterone mediates growth inhibition by binding to the PBP of this organism. The protection was independent of the strain of Saccharomyces, and possibly even the species, and could be demonstrated in several inbred (including C'-deficient) and outbred mouse strains. From 7 diverse geographic areas, 536 isolates obtained over 35 y were placed into 23 RFLP subgroups. Histopathologically, VCZ-treated birds did not have necrotic lesions and showed a trend toward fewer with acute inflammatory changes. Combining antifungal drugs of different classes may enhance their therapeutic effect. Again, the C5- mice were most susceptible to infection with S. cerevisiae, with 63% infected with YJM128 dying by day 7; no C5+ mice died. Connect any celebrity with Alice Roberts to see how closely they are linked romantically! Mazar was born in Israel in September 1956. Daniel's 5th outing as Bond gets bums back on seats in the cinema. At 50 mg/kg, itraconazole and fluconazole were equivalent, whereas itraconazole at 10 or 25 mg/kg prolonged survival compared to that achieved with fluconazole at these dosages (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). The chemotherapy of fungal infection is also under study including the evaluation of agents in vitro; for their efficacy, pharmacology, and toxicology in animal models and in human disease. These facts, together with recent advances in vaccine science, make consideration of such an approach now possible. In 1996 I took part in theGreenland Sea tracer release experiment. The project was headed by Meg Harper, the director of PAST, and her husband Ross Harper, who has been field director and senior archaeologist at Webb-Deane-Stevens for PAST since the late 1990s . Adapting the extraction protocol to maximize yield from small sample volumes (10 l CSF or 200 l blood) allowed PCR detection of A. fumigatus in infected mice, suggesting the use of CSF and blood as diagnostic clinical samples for CNS aspergillosis. CD-1 mice received HKY subcutaneously or by oral gavage with or without adjuvants once weekly beginning 3 or 4 weeks prior to infection; oral live Saccharomyces was also studied. I think that its great to be informing parents about the health benefits of breastfeeding, but the emotional benefits may be underplayed. Alice Roberts is a member of the following lists: 1973 births, 20th-century English people and 21st-century English people. We studied toxicity, drug concentrations and localization, and quantitative infection concurrently, using a 4-day model of central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis to assess early events. What can we do to help women who dont fit that description, and why are they less likely to breastfeed to start with? Mice treated with ITZ either once or twice per day had a median survival time of 10 days, compared with 4 days for control animals, but a survival rate of only 10%. Genetic susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis. Studying diverse topics including; evolutionary processes, human variation, ecology, skeletal analysis and zoo-archaeology, it prepares students for careers in the anthropological sciences in both the public and private sectors, such as cultural resources management, forensic science; collections management, and advanced graduate studies in . Most patients with IPA presented with fever and cough within the first 90 days of transplantation and with single or multiple pulmonary nodules. In this study we have profiled transcript expression to understand the molecular mechanism of how E(2) inhibits M-to-Y transition.We assessed temporal gene expression in strain Pb01 in the presence or absence of E(2) at various time points through 9 days of the M-to-Y transition using an 11,000 element random-shear genomic DNA microarray and verified the results using quantitative real time-PCR. We compared susceptibility to Candida vaginitis in derived murine substrains differing in sensitivity to estrogen (CD-1 and CD10, resistant; CD3 and C57BL/6 responsive), and in F1 crosses. Here we investigated the possibility that GM-CSF could antagonize DEX down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by stimulated BAM. 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